Hillary’s last chance to prepare for 2020

2016 could be a really interesting election. Or not.

If the R’s nominate a right-wing flame thrower, Hillary Clinton (hereafter “Hillary,” meaning no disrespect) the Democratic Nominee Presumptive (hereafter DNP) can just coast to the middle of the spectrum and pick up the votes of Republicans who have been nervous since 1964, when Barry Goldwater spooked them. If I were her campaign manager and cared about nothing except her victory margin, that’s what I would do and I would put on my resumé, “guided the candidate to a clear victory.” [1]

hillary 6That would provide no basis at all for her to govern, however. She would do what she could in her first term and then she would settle in to apologize to the American people that they were still working way too hard and were still poor. And the American people would still refuse to listen to anything she says because she has not yet apologized to then for her failure to “fix the economy. [2] Below is a piece I wrote in March 2014 about the forthcoming electoral disaster for Democrats. I am citing it today because that is just where President Hillary Clinton will be in March 2019 if she runs the kind of campaign I have described above.

My view is that the economy we have now is the kind of economy we are going to have for the foreseeable future…So think about this. You’re President Obama and you want to talk about some important things. You might want to talk about raising the minimum wage, so people can afford to buy things again. You might want to talk about penalties for companies that outsource their labor force—“shipping American jobs overseas,” is the way President Obama puts it. You might want to talk about the cost to ordinary workers of the obscene levels of executive compensation CEOs are granted. You might want to talk about the strength of labor unions as the only way to guarantee that contractual obligations will be met by employers.
Or you might want to talk about something else. You might want to talk about the deplorable state of our transportation infrastructure or the unenforced environmental regulations that result in polluted air sheds and watersheds. You might want to talk about sustainable levels of energy use and securing those levels from non-polluting sources.
And let’s say the American people agree with your positions on everything that is named in the last two paragraphs. It doesn’t matter! Why? Because the American voters have not yet put in their hearing aids. They will hear no reasons—other than your own culpability, which is assumed—why the economy is what it is and why it will continue to be that way. They will engage in no other conversations, no matter how urgent those conversations might be because they can’t hear what you are saying. They want you to apologize first and that means fixing the economy.

That mess—the mess President Obama was in by March 2014 and will be in until the end of his presidency—is the mess Hillary will be in as the person who presides over this economy which is rich and robust at the top and thin and brittle from the middle on down. The 2016 campaign is Hillary’s only chance to make her presidency about something else. The “something else” is the way the economy works. and whether the America people understand how the economy works.
What do the American people understand at the moment? Here are two relevant measures from a January 2015 Gallup Poll.

hillary 7

“…dissatisfaction is relatively high with the way income and wealth are distributed in the country today, indicating that the public’s concern is focused more on the inequality of results as the system plays out, rather than on the chances people have of improving their lot within the system. These attitudes are not new. Gallup polling over the decades has consistently shown that Americans believe money and wealth should be distributed more equally in U.S. society, and have consistently supported higher taxes on the rich to help achieve that aim.”

Hillary could build her campaign on this dissatisfaction if she wanted to. It is consistent “over the decades” as Gallup says and two thirds of the American people is a lot of people. Notice that it is a systemic measure, not an individual measure. The reason to take this as a campaign theme would be that it will mobilize a lot of people and get her elected and bring that issue front and center in her first term.

The reason not to take this as a campaign theme is that the difficulties will still be there in 2019 and any Congressman or Senator running for office in 2020 would have a lot of reason to distance himself/herself from President Clinton.

If the economic difficulties are, as I argued in the Obama post, “the new normal,” then they will still be there in 2020. The difference is that by 2020, they will be President Clinton’s fault because she has “presided” [2] over the continuation of failed U. S. policies.

There is another way to go. It doesn’t make anything better, but it does change the explanation for why things are still bad from a systemic explanation to a personal hillary 3explanation. In this campaign approach, “the richest 1%” are not just the beneficiaries of the way the economy works; they are they reason it works that way. “It” is their fault!

In the expression “it” is their fault, what is “it?” American businesses have adapted to modern methods of production and to global opportunities for consumption. They are using very low cost workers—some robotic, some just underpaid [3]—and, in the absence of an American middle class to sell the products to, they are selling them to the middle classes of the BRIC nations, as they are called: Brazil, Russia, India, and China.

They are satisfied with the way they produce and the way consumers consume because they make a lot of money that way. Nothing is going to change that. Very large amounts, from what they make by running their businesses that way, show up as “executive compensation.” These executives are “fat cats,” a name chosen to show their availability as villains. [4] Hillary could blame these executives for the plight of the middle class. The plight of the middle class is that they are working harder than ever and are continuing to fall behind economically. If that’s a system effect—that’s the way business is these days—it is politically inert. If it results from the greed of the fat cats, who manipulate the process to enrich themselves and to impoverish the rest of us, it is not inert. It is, in fact, a call for a politics of retribution. It is the kind of political action embedded in the Robin Hood stories.

hillary 1Hillary is going to have to go one way or the other. If she campaigns on making things better for “those who follow the rules and work hard”—the Obama mantra—the voters will be after her blood by 2019. She promised systemic improvements and I am still poor. Off with her head! If she campaigns successfully—a major question [5], to be sure—she will not have changed the system, but she will have changed who is to blame for the system.

If that’s all she does, Hillary will have changed the conversation for four years. If she wrings a great deal more money out of the companies—the ones who impoverish American workers so they can sell competitively to the middle classes of the BRIC countries—she can put in place a substantial safety net. That won’t make people less poor, not in the spending money sense—but it will provide at public expense a lot of the services—high quality child care, for instance— that now require out of pocket expenditures by workers who are receiving poverty level wages.

Frankly, I don’t see her chances of making that transition successfully even if she wanted that more than anything else and I don’t think she does want it that much. Elizabeth Warren might, but Hillary doesn’t.

Therefore, I predict that Hillary will confront plummeting popularity in 2019 as more and more people blame her for “how things are,” even if they would have been exactly like that if her R competitor has been elected.

Hillary needs to solve the problem. She can’t do that. The problem is global and endemic. It is, as Gov. Brown (CA) [6] said of California’s desiccation, “the new normal.” She can blame the fat cats for the problem, setting off a wave of retributive voting and possibly even legislation. The fat cats will outlast her; they might accept a little bit of regulation and taxation. Not much. Or she can accept the system in its general terms, tax the rich and establish Sweden-style buffers for the poor.

“Sweden-style”buffers—it’s awkward, but I don’t have to call them “socialist” if I call them “Sweden-style”—will require a fundamental change of heart among Americans. According to that same Gallup poll, 60% of Americans are “satisfied with the opportunity for a person in this nation to get ahead by working hard.” Apparently “getting ahead” is what they want. They don’t want their poverty to hurt less and that is what President Clinton would be offering them—in the best of the three scenarios.

The foundation for Hillary’s popularity in 2019 is being laid right now. Good luck, Hillary.

[1] In the one case when I had the chance, that is what I did do. In 1982, my candidate took out an incumbent county official ih a race that I, as the manager, affected not one whit and I put on my resumé that I had “guided the candidate….”
[2] You have to apologize first. Then they’ll listen. But it only works for a few times.
[3] That is, after all, what Preside-ents do
[4] “Under” in “underpaid really should require a measure of what they should be paid. Marx argued that they should be paid the value they have added to the product. Many labor economists have argued that they “should” be paid whatever they contract to work for, provided that it is within the law and poverty-level wages are eminently legal.
[5] President Franklin Roosevelt called them “malefactors of great wealth.” In the campaign I managed, a campaign very Republican in tone although the office we were seeking was a nonpartisan office, they were called “heavy hitters.”
[6] The top 1% are very adroit in adapting to challenges of this kind. They will defeat the message if they can. The R’s will call it “class warfare.” They will defeat the messenger if they can unless it means electing a Tea Party candidate. Failing those, they will adapt to the new demands in ways that will allow them to keep most of their earnings, but take a well-publicized step in the direction of “reform.”
[7] It’s like “Miami of Ohio.” Oregon has a “Governor Brown” now too, so Jerry Brown is (CA).

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Stanley Victor Freberg, the master of his craft

Stan Freberg died this Tuesday at the age of 88. He was one of the funniest men I had ever heard. He was known for his satire, but it wasn’t nasty satire. Mostly, he was just able to look at things from a different angle.  And he was a master.

In my favorite of all the Freberg productions, Stan Freberg Modestly Presents the United States of America, Volume I, he stages a confrontation on the beach with “an Indian.”

Columbus: Hello there, hello there. We white men–other side of ocean. My name Christopher Columbus.

Native: Oh? You over here on a Fulbright?

Columbus: Huh? Uh, no,no, I’m over here on an Isabella, as a matter of fact. Which reminds me, I want to take a few of you guys back on the boat with me to prove I discovered you.

Native: What you mean, you discover us? We discover you.

Columbus: You discovered us?

Native: Certainly. We discover you on beach here. Is all how you look at it.

It’s always that way. Freberg was able to imagine it from the other side. Freberg’s Freberg 1“Abominable Snowman” complained that he never like that word “abominable” that much but it was the closest they could get to the original abominuyamao, which means “the hairy one with the big feet.”

I started teaching eighth grade students in 1960. The various classes I was to have during the day would shuttle into my classroom for American history or English and on the first day, I would play Freberg’s History of the United States for them. It was the best class evaluation tool I ever found. Some classes snickered when Richard Rodgers, the songwriter, called on the telephone in the middle of the sale of Manhattan Island to a Dutch merchant. A telephone? Other classes listened right by that one, but would laugh at a reference to Leonardo da Vinci as “Lenny.” When we were done with that day, I knew pretty much what I had to work with that year in each class.

On Tuesday, James Ward said, in a comment about Freberg’s death. “I raised my family on Stan Freberg’s United States of America.” I had been thinking of using that as an opening line myself, but Ward got there first. It’s true for my kids, certainly. A reference to anyone who talks too much might be garnished with Benjamin Franklin’s dismissal of George Washington. “Oh yeah. That’s George for ya. Talks up a storm with those wooden teeth. Can’t shut him up. But when it comes time to put the name on the old parchment-o-rooney, try and find him.”

A thanksgiving feast seldom passes without the Puritan lament, “Whaddaya mean you cooked the turkey, Charlie?” Followed by, “And all of us had our mouths set for roast eagle with all the trimmings.”

It gets so bad in my family sometimes that different words entirely, if they have a characteristic intonation from a Freberg skit, will get the next line as a reply. A complaint about anything, if the tonality is just so, will get:

What are you so surly about today?

Surly to bed and surly to rise…

OK, let’s knock off the one line jokes and sign the petition, huh?

That little exchange is from “Tom Jefferson’s” attempt to get “Ben Franklin” to sign, “this little petition I’ve been circulating around the neighborhood.” The “little petition” is the Declaration of Independence, of course, from which Franklin reads, in apparent bafflement, the line…”life, liberty, and the purfuit of happineff?”

freberg 4Because he was a parodist by temperament, Freberg parodied things. And the things he parodied were often things that irked him. He was no fan of what, today, we call “political correctness.” He does a wonderful skit with Daws Butler as Mr. Tweedlie. Tweedlie represents “the Citizen’s Radio Committee” and his job is to stop Freberg’s performance of “Old Man River” whenever he hears something the Committee might object to. By that process, we get lines like, “Elderly man river/That elderly man river/he must know something but the doesn’t say anything/ He just keeps rollin’…uh, rolling…he just keeps rolling along.”

In this picture, Freberg (right), June Foray (center), and Daws Butler (right) are recording “St. George and the Dragonet”  June Foray did a lot of work with Freberg, but my favorite line of hers opens the skit on the sale of Manhattan Island.  It is a loud lament with a “voice crying in the wilderness” tone to it.  “Too many moons we live here, White Cloud.  Time to unload this crummy island.”

Everybody knows what “that’s about the size of it” means. Unless, of course, it doesn’t. In an early Dragnet spoof, “St. George and the Dragonet” (Butler is the dragon) we get:

Dragon   I see you got one of those new .45 caliber swords.

St. George   That’s about the size of it.

One of the things Freberg didn’t like about the popular music of his day was the incessant repetitive piano background; what his fictional piano accompanist called “that clink clink clink jazz.” The pianist takes off on a lovely little jazz riff when Freberg, the singer, says, “Oh yes you will play that clink clink clink jazz or you won’t get paid tonight.” Then, after a pause of exactly the right length, the piano part starts up again. Clink, clink, clink.

freberg 2He parodied the commercialization of Christmas in his wistful little “Green Chri$tma$.” He plays Mr. Scrooge, the head of the Advertising Council. Daws Butler plays Bob Cratchet, who “owns a little spice company in East Orange, New Jersey. The argument between the two is carried on in words and then in music with no possible confusion about what is being said. Scrooge wins. The last sound is a coin rolling around in the drawer of a cash register well after the last sound of a Christmas hymn has faded.

He was surely the kind of kid that always got in trouble in school. There are a lot of those, but not many of them take just that knack for trouble and turn it into decades of innovative comedy.

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Heroes

Everyone who has served in the Armed Forces of the United States is a hero.

Have you heard that? First I heard it as part of the ads for the armed services. Now it is commonplace in the patter of the sports commentators and very often a feature of the opening ceremonies as well. I am starting to hear casual references to it—to the taken for granted fact of it—on the bus or at a coffee shop. It’s so “true” in these settings that no case needs to be made; it just needs to be referred to.

There are so many things I don’t like about it that it’s hard to know where to start. Let me start with three and I’ll stop then and see if three is really enough.

hero 7I call the first one “bracket creep.” You might have thought “bracket creep” has to do only with tax categories, but I treat it as a much more general phenomenon.  If there were a formal designation for hero, we wouldn’t have this problem. “Winners of Purple Hearts” could be designated as heroes. That would go like this.

“See that guy? He’s having a lot of trouble walking now, but he’s a hero.

Really, when was he awarded the Purple Heart?

In 1972. It was an amazing ceremony. I had never seen one before.”

From a language point of view, this is a very satisfying exchange. Information is exchanged. Understanding is clear. “Hero” means “having been awarded the Purple Heart.”

And it wouldn’t have to be a Purple Heart. It could be any official designation; any commendation for bravery under difficult circumstances. If hero means “has received an official recognition for heroic actions taken” then we are saved from bracket creep so long as the awarding body keeps the same criteria.

That’s not where we are. “Having been employed by the Army [or any other branch of the military] for a period of time” is now the equivalent of the Purple Heart I referred to above. That’s “bracket creep.”

Difficulties run off in every direction. If every soldier is a hero, what designation should be give the soldiers who have received special commendations for courage under fire? Superhero? Won’t work.

You really can’t make everyone think of people who were employed by the U. S. government to be part of our national defense (our national offense too, of course) as a hero. It can’t be done.

What you can do is destroy the word.

Words are kindly things. They accept a lot of abuse without complaint. They are puffed up and then shrunk down and still they hang around in hopes of being useful. But the level of abuse they are able to withstand is still finite. You can destroy them.

I saw “disability” ruined right before my eyes at a state legislative hearing. The proponents of a bill had apparently agreed among themselves that “differently abled” was the right thing to say. They all said it themselves. They interrupted legislators who were asking questions but who did not say the right word. The legislators sensed—all the good ones have a kind of Spidey sense about offending do-gooders in public—that refusing to use “differently abled” would not be well received. So they said “differently abled” and rolled their eyes. They put “air-quotes” around it. They got together in the hallway afterwards and plotted revenge. They were not happy.

This is a difficulty the military will have to find a way to deal with because if everyone is a hero, no one is a hero. This use of a word works because it swoops down on a category and chooses some but not others, for a special distinction. The military really needs heroes. They can’t be happy to watch the category become meaningless. They will have to do something. Good luck, guys.

The second one is subjectivization. As in all these matters, the -zation part refers to something that has been done to hero 1a word or concept. It was A and then the -zation process happened and it is now B. It was objective (A) and now it is subjective (B).  Is the oldest person in this picture a hero?

Subjective language is a wonderful thing. We would all be poorer without it. But we count on some things to be objectively true. The #1 Tri-Met bus picks riders up at the Southwest Fitness Center and takes them downtown. There is no value is saying, “To me, it always takes people shopping at Lloyd Center.” But when you get off the #1 bus, you will be downtown.

We can subjectivize “hero.” We can give up on the word’s having a common public meaning and rely on the meaning each of us gives to it. Here’s an example from the movie While You Were Sleeping.

Lucy You are a hero too. Every day, you give your seat on the train to an old woman.

Peter But that’s not really heroic.

Lucy It is to the woman who gets to sit down.

From a language standpoint, Peter’s case is better. In giving up his seat, he is doing something generous. Lucy is in the booth collecting fares, so she sees whatever happens on the train from some distance ahero 2way. We don’t know how the old woman feels. The designation of hero shows how Lucy feels about Peter, or possibly about generosity.  Is the oldest person in this picture a hero?

Or you could just grant the subjectivity of it. “That seems heroic to me,” someone might say. Or “He’s a hero to me.” Or “She’s a hero to me,” since no one seems to say heroine any more.

So subjectivization “solves” the hero problem by making the word refer to how I feel about an act or about a person. It removes it from the public conflict about its meaning by removing it from the pubic vocabulary.

But—third difficulty— there are cultural problems to deal with as well as language problems. Just as we create problems for ourselves when we choose some acts as meritorious and not others, so we create problems when we choose some kinds of contributions to the national welfare as meritorious and not others.

Language Digression: One feature of language in America is that we like to drop “unnecessary” words. If a given verb is always used in combination with a given noun, we just drop the noun. Baseball announcers who used to say that Terwilliger “reached first base” or “reached base” in the third inning, now say that Terwilliger “reached” in the “third.” After a little while, it stops sounding odd because the range of possible meanings is so small that everyone knows what he means. In basketball, point guards once “created scoring opportunities.” Now they just “create.” They need teammates, so they don’t really create ex nihilo—theologians everywhere breathe a sigh of relief.

So the third difficulty is that when we choose some general category as “heroic,” we distinguish the people from the people in other categories, who are now “non-heroic.” So who are our true heroes? The people who “serve” in the armed forces. Arehero 3 there “un-armed forces?” Is that kind of conflation of “service” and “force” something we want to support? Is military service really the only category we want to value as a category? Are we really no more than Sparta? Didn’t we once aspire to be Athens?

Are firefighters heroes? Medics? Teachers who work miracles no one else could with children everyone else has already given up on? Peace Corps? Women who hold together communities that would othewise lose any sense of belonging?  How about these guys?  Heroes?  Why?

Is “putting yourself in harm’s way” a crucial ingredient? OK. The Peace Corps volunteer comes home with malaria. The public service teacher, exposed to the daily catastrophes of inner city life give up hope and never recovers it. The women who hold communities together burn our after years of trying, during which time they have put their own families and very possibly their husbands is second or third place.

hero 5You want damage done to persons who are serving the public good? There it is. Nothing in any of those jobs is going to get those people a chance to board a flight early or get a free drink on board or to submit to the pro forma thanks of people who have been instructed to thank them for their sacrifice.  How about her?

So “hero” as a shorthand expression for members of any of the armed services, is not a good use of the word. It has at least the three difficulties I referred to above and many many more. And the difficulties it causes are systemic. You can’t ask people to solve them be “being more understanding.” And a really good word has its features scrubbed off and is filed on the shelf in the warehouse along with other words that once meant something.

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Clean and Sober

I look at it as a goal. It’s the thirteenth step of my 12 Step Program.

In the expression “clean and sober,” clean is supposed to refer to the absence of drugs in your system and soclean and sober 5ber to the absence of alcohol. Drugs and alcohol are not my problem. My problem is continuing to read the gospels the way I learned to as a child—and continued until nearly middle age—even though it is an approach that I have consciously rejected for at least two decades. I just don’t seem to be able to stop.

Here are the steps I go through. These are what NOT being clean and sober look like for me. I’ll read a passage literally that simply cannot be read literally. There is a discrepancy and normally, my mind is attracted to discrepancies. If the hero’s hair is described as brown on page 39 and as blonde on page 132, it is common for me to stop and say, “Wait a minute. Wasn’t his hair brown at the beginning?” If it’s a gospel account, I don’t do that.

Why not? Well, I have already learned to read it the other way. and I simply don’t notice the discrepancies. Matthew says that Jesus came riding into Jerusalem (see Matthew 21:5) on two donkeys. Two. I am long past the place where I care whether there was one or more than one; I am past caring about how the prophet Zechariah (9:9) phrased it and why Matthew kept each half of the parallel rather than combining them. What I care about is why I didn’t notice.

Today, I don’t notice because I have learned not to notice. I read it the way I read it because I have always read it that way. So, in the second stage, right after noticing the problem, I read that passage and say, “Wait. That can’t be right.” Then I move right awayclean and sober 2 to being embarrassed. I have actually stopped reading and looked over my shoulder to see whether anyone noticed the mistake I had been making all my life. When I catch myself looking to see whether anyone noticed the thought I had just had, I laugh and get back to work, so it’s not as bad as you might think.

So then, in stage three, I pick my attention up in both hands and put it back on the trail it is supposed to be following. Why did Matthew use the Zechariah passage? What did he have in mind? What was he trying to say about Jesus? What does it mean for my understanding of Jesus that Matthew represents this episode the way he does?

Now that little sequence—the three little steps—could be read as a success story and in a small way, it is. And if it signaled a broad and lasting transition to this new way of appreciating the text, it would be. But I really really don’t want to have to go through those three steps all the time.

What I really want to do is to take my current view of gospel texts—they are associations of symbols, not of events—and read in that mode naturally. I don’t want to go through long periods where I ignore discrepancies I would have been attracted to in any other field of study. I don’t want to twist my brain into odd shapes trying to account for X on the one hand and Y on the other before finally remembering that I really don’t have to accommodate X or Y or vice versa.

clean and sober 4Maybe it’s time for another example. In John’s account, they put a sponge soaked with sour wine on some hyssop and gave it to Jesus. This is what hyssop looks like. It doesn’t look like the kind of thing you would choose to put a sponge on. Mark and Matthew both say they put the sponge on “a reed,” which at least implies something long and rigid.

Eventually, I get to thinking about how you put put a sponge on a fern. Think for a minute how much better it would be if I would just say, “Hyssop. Hmm. Why hyssop?” A little rummaging around in my memory would produce this text.

And then I would think of the blood of the lamb, which saves all those Israelites who obey God and put the blood on the door posts and I would see what imagery John is drawing from. The account John is giving us is rich with symbolism; it says about Jesus exactly what John wants us to hear. And…it doesn’t require sticking a sponge on a fern and lifting it up in the air.

That’s what I want. I want to say, “Hm. Hyssop. Why hyssop, I wonder.” I don’t want to wander down those alleys that lead to how strong hyssop stalks are or how toxic the digestive juices in a whale are (Jonah) or whether the ark would really have been big enough to add male and female unicorns to the menagerie (Noah).

I want to get clean and sober and stay clean and sober.

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Draft Day

I’d like to tell you about the movie Draft Day.  I liked it a lot.  I don’t think anyone else did.  The critics didn’t, for sure.  Rotten Tomatoes said, “It’s a … dull-witted movie.”  Roger Ebert’s site says, “Both too “inside baseball” for non-NFL fans to care and not nearly character- driven enough at the same time.”

The critics are right.  It’s really not a good movie.  Today, I want to tell you what I liked about it.  It’s a movie that had moments in it.  I’m going to tell you about the moments.  And then, at the end, the one point that actually has some substance to it.

Sonny Weaver Jr. (Kevin Costner)  is general manager of the Cleveland Brown, as was his father before him.  His girlfriend, Ali, (Jennifer Garner) is a Cleveland girl who is passionate about football and whose job with the Browns is keeping track of the team’s salary cap.  They’ve been “going together” for awhile, it seems, and although she doesn’t look it until the last scene, Ali is pregnant.  That’s not a very promising beginning.

Here is the context for the moments I like.  First, Sonny and Ali are having a low-grade lovers’ quarrel.  He keeps trying to patch it up by taking her into a supply closet and saying the right things.  That plays all through the story.  Second, Sonny is ordered by the owner to make a really stupid deal on draft day and Sonny goes along with it for most of the movie.  Then he rejects the whole thing—and very likely his future with the Cleveland Browns—and makes the deal he really wants to make.  Third, on this crucial day, there is a intern manning the desk outside Sonny’s office.  He is treated badly by everyone and responds as if he knows how to be treated badly by everyone—until very near the end.
draft 3

I’m going to take them in reverse order.  Rick (Griffin Newman) has it tough in this movie.  He has been thrown into a job with no preparation and he does a lot of things wrong.  He keeps at it, though, and earns a kind of commendation from Sonny that I am sure he has never had in his life before this.  Sonny puts a hand on Rick’s shoulder and says, “Look, you didn’t deserve this [Sonny just trashed Rick’s computer and this is part of an apology].  You’ve been a soldier today.”  Then, in a “just us soldiers” gesture, he punches Rick gently in the chest and asks, “OK?”  Rick says, “Yeah” and he says it with the beginnings of an “I did the winter at Valley Forge” look on his face.  It is a look that face has never had before. Ever. It is a look that just became possible because of the “soldier” line and the fist to the chest.  That look—that’s one of the moments.

The second moment is the look in Sonny’s eye when it occurs to him that there is still something he can do to save the Browns from the disaster the owner wished on them.  Every move has been determined up to this.  He has had no chance at all to do anything that would a) help the Browns and b) not get him fired.  If he can find a way to get draft 1Jacksonville to trade the #6 pick to Cleveland, there might be a way.  “Who’s the manager at Jacksonville?” asks Sonny.  “Jeff Gordon,” responds scout #1.  “A rookie,” adds scout #2 conspiratorially.

At that point—at that moment right there—a look comes into Sonny’s eyes.  It’s the first time in the entire movie that he has seen himself as the kind of person or as being in the kind of situation where he can take a daring action on his own and possibly, just possibly, pull one off.  That look is the second moment.

All the other moments have to do with Sonny and Ali and they’re all funny.  Max Eastman, in his marvelous book on why things are funny, says that when you expect one thing and get another—in a context where taking it in a humorous way is possible—you think it’s funny.  That’s how these moment are funny.

Here, for instance, is the first of several scenes in the storage closet.  Sonny takes Ali in there just to get a moment’s peace so they can talk.  Sonny is trying to apologize and provide an excuse for himself at the same time.  It’s pretty common.  I once had a friend who, on the rare occasions when he would be late to a meeting, would say, “I’m terribly sorry that I am just a little bit late.”  You see why that doesn’t work, right?

Sonny didn’t “say the right things” when Ali told him he was the father of the baby she was going to have.  And what are the right things?  Oh, “wondering what color to paint the baby’s room.”  Really?  Sonny says he’s never been “one of those Home Depot dads who make the rest of us look like assholes”  Ali give him a really good look at that point.  It’s not warm and tender, but there’s no anger in it, which is what I was expecting.  What I wasn’t expecting is the line, “Those guys are not why you look like an asshole.”

I laughed out loud, thank you Max Eastman.  I’ve seen situations like that in movies a lot of times, just as you have.  The woman tries to reassure the man that it doesn’t really matter or she expresses her anger at him that he really screwed it up this time.  A was already expecting either of those.  I wasn’t expecting what I got and I liked it a lot.
The next of the Sonny and Ali moments comes a little later when Sonny takes Ali by the arm and heads for the storage closet again—the same one.  “Oh no,” she ways, in the perfect self-parody, “Not back in there.”  She’s not saying it to Sonny. She’s saying it to the audience.  It’s almost an aside.  She steps out of her character to deliver that line.

And finally, the Sonny and Ali moment that, to me, actually meant something.  They have been having, as I have said, a low-grade lovers’ quarrel.  And on draft day, too.  “I know,” says Ali, “Shit timing.”  But there is more to the relationship than the lovers’ quarrel.  They are colleagues who work together in Cleveland.  They both love football.  They both love the Cleveland Browns.

So…in addition to their intimacy, (and I’m not talking just about the sexual relationship) they have a collegiality to fall back on.  That’s a very good thing to have.  There are good theoretical grounds for saying that and I have, myself, very good experiential grounds for saying it.
draft 2Sonny comes into her office to talk about draft day difficulties.  This is what that looks like. He thinks he is going to have a hard time getting Ali away from her lover’s grievances.  I would think that too, but that’ not what happens.  Sonny says, “Could we talk football, just football, for fifteen seconds?”  Ali leans back in her chair and says, “We can always talk football.”

A surprise, another one, for me.  Not playing “the tiffed lover,” but the football colleague.  And not just for the moment.  Ali offers collegiality as a permanent part of the relationship, no matter what else is going on.  That’s how she saw the relationship.  Football for sure; other things…we’ll see.

And I liked it.  You’ll notice that I have stayed well short of recommending the movie.  On the other hand, these are things that I have liked a lot and I will keep watching it, now and then, just to enjoy them again.

Posted in Movies, Uncategorized | Tagged , , , , | Leave a comment

Sexism still sells cars

I’d like to spend some of your valuable time today thinking about a topic nearly everyone would call “sexism.” I’m not quite sure what to call it, myself, but when you look at this Buick ad, you will know exactly what I mean. Then we can worry about what to call it.

As you see, the ad is 25 seconds long. You can afford to watch it several times. It features a marvelously tolerant neighbor, Mr. Garcia, who waves cheerfully at his neighbors. His neighbors are peering at him through the kitchen window with the aid of binoculars. Very possibly, he knows they are lusting after his new Buick and that the binoculars aren’t for him, but for the car. Or maybe he just assumes that anyone driving that impressive a car is going to get stared at and he’s fine with that.

I wish fervently that I knew more about what Mrs. Garcia looks like. It would make a difference to what kind of ad it is. I am sure there were earlier versions of the ad that showed Mrs. Garcia climbing out of the car and smiling and waving at her neighbors and if there were earlier versions of them, Mrs. Garcia was probably a blonde in one and a redhead in another, rather than the brunette she is in the final version.

I think what I would really have liked is for Mrs. Garcia to have been a spectacular blonde who gets out of the car and looks adoringly at Mr. Garcia, who is her hero because he bought this car and lets her ride in it. The writers probably discussed that and concluded that it was so ham-handed that it would turn people off.

But the rest of the commercial, the part I want to talk about, is ham-handed too. The neighbors—I’m going to call them the Johnson’s because the ad didn’t feel it was important to name them—are ordinary looking people. Mr. Garcia is strikingly handsome; Mrs. Garcia is probably beautiful, though not glamorous.

Here are the Johnsons. He’s gawky-looking; she could be very attractive, but that’s not what they did to her for this ad. They are “the clunky neighbors.” Ah! But what would she look like if he had bought her a Buick as he should have? Mr. Garcia has been a good provider; Mr. Johnson has not.

You could probably get all that without the dialogue, but for people, like me, who are tuned to the spoken word, they add a sound track.

Mrs. It looks like the Garcias got a new car.

Mr. What’d they get?

Mrs. I don’t know. It’s pretty nice. Maybe he got a raise.

Mr. Good for him.

Mrs. Good for her.

Pretty plain, right? That’s why there is a video track to go with it. Mrs. Johnson’s “Maybe he got a raise” is speculative. Maybe he did, maybe he didn’t. We have something to explain (this nice new car); what would explain it? “Maybe he got a raise” is in the same mode. Nothing edgy; nothing nasty.

buick 2

Here’s the first picture. Even in this one, you can see her yearning for a better life. This is still in the “Looks like the Garcias got a new car” part of the dialogue. All the attention goes to the car and the glamorous Garcias. But when Mr. Johnson says, “Good for him,” the relationship changes. It is not about the Garcias and their Buick any more; now it is about “Why didn’t you get ME a Buick?”

So Mr. Johnson, in this way of dividing the dialogue, didn’t have any way to understand the peril he was it. Beneath his wife’s simple puzzlement, there is a pit and in the pit are snakes; bad snakes. So when he expresses his approval of Mr. Garcia rather than his apology to his wife for being such a bad provider—although as one critic commented, the Johnson’s kitchen probably cost twice what the Garcia’s car cost.

Take a good look at this second picture. See the tight mouth on her? That’s where the resentment is. The eyes are still on the Garcia’s Buick. See the wary sideward glance by him? He has just heard the barb in “her” in the line, “Good for her.” He has just realized that the solid ground he thought he was standing on was illusory and that he will be falling into the pit any time now. He’s been in that pit before. You can tell by how quickly he picked it up this time. He heard it. It was familiar. He just didn’t hear it fast enough.

buick 1

What makes this all work is that “Good for her” is not the reciprocal of “good for him.” Good for him is neighborly affirmation. Good for her is a spousal rebuke. Here’s how that goes. HE is providing good things for his wife; YOU are not. How can you just approve, as if the Garcia’s new car were not a slap in the face to me? Can’t you tell how humiliated I am, living with you next to the Garcias?

The old sexism of the past is over, we learn in the papers and on TV every day. But the old sexism is still alive in the part of our brains that the ad-makers think of as most important. Her job is to mate and bear healthy children. Her beauty is just a signal that she is healthy enough to do that. His job is to provide her the children and to keep the family safe and well-fed. That’s the old Paleolithic Bargain and it’s the deal the ad-makers are counting on.

In the old deal, his part was killing animals and bringing the meat home so the family didn’t starve, but if you call it “providing for the family,” right away you go to “what does the family need,” and, in an economy that runs on consumer demand, “what does the family want?” She—the only “family” he has, so far as the commercial is concerned—wants a Buick. She doesn’t want to have less than Mrs. Garcia has. That means that Mr. Johnson has to come up with whatever Mr. Garcia has or admit that Mr. Garcia is “a better hunter” and “provides for his family” better than Mr. Johnson.

Mr. Johnson is a “success object.” He is not treated, in this ad, as a person, but only as a provider. The more common, and equally sexist presentation, is for Mrs. Johnson to be a “sex object.” The treatment of women as if their sexual appeal were the only important thing about them is the common language of advertising. Beautiful women show up, as if by magic, for the man who drinks the right whiskey or who shaves with the right razor or who drives the right car. These women are there to imply that if the man buys the right commodity, he “deserves” these women and that the women will see that and flock to him. These women are sex objects only and not persons.

The treatment of men not as persons, but as the providers of whatever toys their wives can successfully demand from them, teaches us that men are “success objects” in a way that is perfectly analogous to the “sex object” role for women. That’s why I call it sexism.

Actually, I wouldn’t mind it so much if it were treated as a stage in the relationship rather than the constitution, the fundamental makeup,  of the relationship. We don’t meet each other as persons; we meet each other as objects. That’s what “putting your best foot forward” is all about. That’s why high school kids agonize about “what to wear to school;” they are using the conventions of society to declare themselves to be sex objects or success objects or “I’m not playing your silly game” objects.  Society provides the titles and we turn ourselves into the pictures.

We present ourselves as objects and then we learn to be persons with each other. So I don’t mind the “object” phase provided that it is superseded, when the time is right, by the “person” phase.

buick 3That doesn’t happen in ads, of course. Here’s Payton Manning driving a Buick. I’ve heard that Payton Manning is a good person, but the reason he’s in the ad is that he’s a football icon; he’s a winner. Therefore, presumably, a provider and he has put his champion provider stamp on this Buick so by buying a Buick, you can be or look like or aspire to being a championship provider yourself for only so much down and so much a month. It isn’t Manning’s personhood that is being presented. There were, after all, a lot of Eli Manning ads until his team started losing a lot of games. Did Eli become a bad person? Nope, just not an iconic “provider.”

So “sexism” turns people into gender-based “objects” who play “roles” according to the Paleolithic Bargain. It has been a very successful bargain for roughly the last 2.5 million years. It has brought human beings to a stable and successful productivity in every known habitat.

And it still sells Buicks.

Posted in Economy, Society, Uncategorized, ways of knowing, Words | Tagged , , , , , , | 2 Comments

Spoiler Alert!

Every word we use has an infrastructure of meaning. That’s why it “means” something. It takes the word’s history and its current uses and the present context all for granted and then it just “means something.”When we accept the word, we accept the infrastructure, and we do so without thinking about it. When the Republicans invented the phrase “tax Spoiler 3relief,” for instance, they did it very deliberately. They knew that once “relief” was established as part of the infrastructure, then “taxes” would necessarily be seen as something bad. “Relief” is what you want from pain or disease.

“Taxes are the price we pay for civilization” is the way Oliver Wendell Holmes put it. He wasn’t calling for “relief” because he saw what the taxes bought to be both necessary and desirable. Calling it “a price” takes for granted that we are buying something and the attention goes to the value of what we are buying.

The expression I have in mind for today is “spoiler alert.” When you buy the phrase, you buy the presuppositions and as long as you are using the phrase—no matter what else you say about it—you are enmeshed in those presuppositions. You can say, “I like spoiler alerts” all you want, but if you keep calling them “something that spoils our pleasure,” it won’t matter. Take my word for that.

Last week, I went looking for something else to call “it.” Usually “it” is “how the story ends.” So here’s the infrastructure that supports it.

The best way to appreciate a narrative is to follow its course from beginning to end.

The tension of unresolved conflicts and nebulous but frightening threats may build up, but leaving them to the very end is the right thing to do.

You might want to cheat and “read the ending first,” but you shouldn’t. It shows a lack of respect for the author and it make you look bad as a reader.

Following the development of the plot so as to maximize the tension—and then to enjoy the glories of the resolution—is really the only way to do it right.

Therefore, I will not “spoil” the narrative by telling you what happens. And if you ask me to, I will refuse because if I did, it would “spoil things.”

Does any of that sound familiar? I used to get it all the time. I have beaten it down among my friends and acquaintances. They still roll their eyes when I ask how the story comes out, but they grant me this little oddity. “We know,” they say, “You like spoilers.”

spoilerActually, I don’t like spoilers; I just define them differently. Let’s start back a little. A “spoiler” would be something that spoils your enjoyment of the narrative, right? So you would think that the first thing we need to know is, “What is it about the narrative—we’ll come back to that expression—that gives you pleasure; that you would want to keep from being spoiled?” What I like best, particularly if the narrative is about a crime to be solved or an escape to be made or a relationship to be successfully begun or a character flaw to be overcome, is to know how it starts and how it ends.

That’s what I like. Then I can watch the intermediate events slide into place just exactly where I know they need to be. It’s the kind of pleasure that many people get when they read the book or see the movie the second time. For many kinds of stories, I get it the first time. So…anything that spoiled that sequence—the first, last, middle sequence—would be a “spoiler.”

Now we will consider, as I promised, “the narrative.” There’s more than one, right? Sometimes, the movie or the book begins with the disaster and the story is about what happens next. Andy Weir’s book, The Martian, for instance begins with these two lines: “I’m f***ed. That’s my considered opinion.” And then the story takes off. And since he is, himself, the narrator, we have every reason to think he survives.

You would think that a commonplace among readers would be that “the right way” to read a book is the way that gives you the most enjoyment and the least anxiety. The right way to read a scientific study is to start with the part you care about the most—the methodology, or the literature survey, or the commentary on the conclusions—and then read whatever other parts you need. “The right way,” in other words, would depend on two things: what kind of a book or movie or journal article it is and what your own needs or preferences are. You would think that. I do.

spoiler 2But if we’re going to look at it that way, we need to find something to call “it” other than a “spoiler alert.” I posed this problem to the Caucus at Starbucks last week. We worked on it for a while and didn’t come up with anything. I called Carissa Cunningham over to the table. She is an outstanding barista in a store that has a reputation for outstanding baristas. “Oh, I see the problem,” she said. “I’ll work on it.”

This morning when I came in, she pointed her finger at me and said, “Sneak peek.” I didn’t even need any context. I got it right away and I knew right away that she was right. I’d show you a picture of her working at my Starbucks, but I wouldn’t want to spoil your actually going there.

A “peek” is something you want. No one forces you to take a peek. In fact, my Mac has a “quick look” feature that does’t really open a document, it just shows you what you would see if you did open it. The infrastructure of “peek” is that it is desirable and for me, usually, it is.

I don’t think “sneak” does anything for anyone with my perspective. I think it is called a “sneak peek” to imply that it is something you really shouldn’t be getting. That ought to make it more attractive. Or maybe it is just a tip of the linguistic hat to those other people—the spoiler alert people—saying, “I know you guys think I shouldn’t be doing this, but, look, I am.” I’m not really sure which of those two it is.

So “sneak peek” has the connotation of something desirable, just as “spoiler alert” has the connotation of something undesirable. It’s just right.

And thank you, Carissa.

Posted in Books, Movies | 2 Comments

Cypher’s Sex Life

One of the commonest and most satisfying events of my life is the sudden realization that X is really a lot like Y if you look at it in just the right way.  That happened to me (again) last week as I was thinking of a minor character in The Matrix and a minor character in The Joneses.  Overcome, I realized, by a common enemy–not something you see about characters in different movies.

This is about that.

You don’t have to watch very much of The Matrix to see that Cypher (Joe Pantoliano) has a serious crush on Trinity (Carrie-Anne Moss), nor to see that Trinity is not similarly enchanted. It turns out later that Trinity is in love with Neo–he is the One for her–and that is why Neo is the battleground of the sparring carried out by Trinity and Cypher.

Under the circumstances, there isn’t much hope for Cypher’s sex life aboard the matrix 9Nebuchadnezzar, but that doesn’t entirely account for the Cypher’s choice to betray all his shipmates to the evil Agent Smith. In The Matrix, only Cypher knows what the Matrix is and chooses to give up his real life in favor of the illusion of a life of splendor and satisfaction of every kind. Real life aboard the Nebuchadnezzar is dreary and dull and difficult. Better an imagined (experienced) life of luxury than an actual life , a meaningful life, of resistance and freedom.  Here he is anticipating the taste of a steak he knows does not exist.

Actually, it isn’t Cypher I want to consider. It’s another guy from another movie. It’s Larry Symonds (Gary Cole)from the movie, The Joneses. His sex problem is tougher in a way. His wife has no interest in him at all. What to do?

It turns out that Larry has a “friendly neighbor,” Steve Jones (David Duchovny).  really is a neighbor, but he is not a friend. Steve’s job is pretending to be part of a family—the Joneses—which is there for the purpose of getting people to aspire to keep up with them. The part of Steve’s life that is showcased for Larry’s benefit is their sex life, which, as they represent it, is everything Larry could possibly want.

Two scenes will illustrate this nicely.

Scene 1: Steve intercepts Larry on the sidewalk in front of the house and shows him some earrings he is planning to give to his “wife.” “Summer would really like those,” Larry admits.

“Do you know how I keep it fresh between Kate and me?” Steve asks.
Larry tries for the “good husband” answer. “Good listening?

Steve pours contempt all over the right answer. “Noooo. No, no. It’s about me never believing that I have her. Being full of surprises and a steady stream of gifts.”

There’s a lot to like in that answer. Steve has some “good husband” lines too. The opposite of “never believing that I have her” is “taking her for granted.,” and it’s never good to take your wife for granted. Then there’s “being full of surprises,” as opposed to being dreary and predictamatrix 6ble. That sounds pretty good too. Then there’s the central pitch, the “steady stream of gifts.” Now Larry is caught. He wants the kind of sex life he thinks Steve has and his wife, Summer, has no interest it him at all. She treats him as an inconvenience.

Why does he think Steve and Kate Jones have such a hot sex life? Because they parade it. Kate signs off a phone call from Steve—she is having her hair done at the time so there’s a receptive audience—“Don’t come home too tired.”

Scene 2:  At the party, which features the earrings Steve has given her, Kate wanders off to the den where Steve is displaying some fantastic electronic equipment. Here’s the way Kate displays their sex life for the group of men in the den.

Kate: Are you showing off your new toy?

Steve: Guilty.

Kate leans over Steve, who is seated on the sofa, and gives him a torrid and extended erotic kiss, clearly for the benefit of her audience.

Kate: And who’s your favorite toy?

Steve: (Appearing befuddled) You are?

Kate: Ummm, hmmm.

We are meant to see this from Larry’s point of view. The camera work makes that clear. What he knows about their sex life is that it is fueled by “a steady stream of gifts” and that the effect of these gifts is to have a wife who chooses to come to her husband surrounded by his buddies in the den and pronounce herself “his favorite toy,” a role she apparently finds very satisfying.

Larry wants so badly what he thinks Steve has that he is willing to do anything to get it. matrix 5The movie turns heartless at this point. Larry does in fact provide Summer with “an endless stream of gifts,” although he can’t afford them, and Summer does, in fact respond with the kind of sex life Larry was hoping for—right up until bankruptcy is imminent. That’s when Larry chooses to drown himself in their swimming pool, weighted to the bottom by a huge and fantastic multi-media lawnmower.  This is a picture of Larry before he catches on to the logic of his choices.

There are the two stories. Cypher and Larry judged that reality was not worth living. Both judged that the illusion of living the life they preferred was preferable to actually living the life they had. Both died in the attempt—Cypher by homicide, Larry by suicide.

Why did they do that? This is one of those ratio questions that I am so fond of. I like questions like “Was the water too high or was the bridge too low?” I like “Was the room too cool or did you underdress for the temperature?” I like “Was the power of the commercial enchantment so great or was your resistance to it too weak?” I like those questions because they are really bad questions and they have the additional virtue of seeming to be just as bad as they really are.

Everyone can see that it is the relationship of the two that causes the trouble. If the bridge were higher or if I had dressed more warmly or if I resisted the commercial appeal with a little more moxie, “the problem” in the form I described it would not be there. So we could ask why Cypher and Larry were so weak. It’s a perfectly good question. I am interested today in the other half: why the illusion of the good life was so strong.

Moses made the list of heroes in Hebrews 11 because he “chose to be ill-treated in company with God’s people rather than to enjoy the transitory pleasures of sin.” This passage is thoroughly religious, of course, but it isn’t the religious part I want. For “God’s people,” I need only “the good guys.” For “the transitory pleasures,” I need only “the illusion of pleasure.” For “sin,” I need only “the experience of conspicuous consumption.”

Why are these illusions so strong that Cypher and Larry choose them, knowing them to be illusory?

I see three reasons. These get really nasty when you find them together. First, they were matrix 10strong because they portrayed an illusion as “an alternative reality,” a reality that could be chosen. Agent Smith helped Cypher get through a deal Cypher knew was false. Cypher demands to be, in his illusory life, “rich;” somebody important, like an actor; and he wants to remember nothing of his present perfidy. Smith keeps replying, “Anything you want.” Steve Jones helped his neighbor, Larry, aspire to a level of sexual gratification that he could achieve only by spending himself into bankruptcy. Larry knew, just as Cypher did, that the life he was choosing was a mirage, but the life each was living had so little to recommend it that the choice of an illusory luxury seemed worth it.

Second, they were strong because they made the present reality untenable by comparison. Cypher living conditions were what they were and he had been living with them for nine years. It was only when he began to think there was an alternative—something better—that he was able to look back on his life and find the sacrifices intolerable. Larry Symonds fell for the same ruse. His life with Summer was what it was—not what he wanted, but worth having—until a flagrantly sexual couple showed up next door. When he saw what they had—it was all illusion remember, he reassessed his own marriage and found it to be intolerable.

They were strong because they promised that action could achieve the desired result, leaving everything else the same. That was actually true for Cypher because although the remainder of his real bodily life would be spent in a tub of goo generating heat and electricity for his masters, his experienced life would be rich beyond the dreams of avarice. Larry Symonds wanted everything to be the same—the same house the same golf club, the same job—except that his wife would stop treating him like a litter box. He had it on Steve Jones’s authority (and example) that he could buy his way to acceptability, leaving everything else the same.

When those three get together, they  are extremely effective. When they do, you lose.

Posted in Movies, Political Psychology | Tagged , , , , | Leave a comment

There must be 50 ways to beat your lover

It took me a long time to get interested in 50 Shades of Gray. I have not yet made it so far as to be interested in reading the books or seeing the movie, but the responses to the movie have started to interest me.

The first was when I read Beth Felker Jones’s review of it in the Christian Century. Jones is ordinarily an insightful viewer and an engaging writer. Not this time. She fairly splutters through the review. If I had been the editor, I would have sent it back to her or on to someone who was willing to actually review the movie. Jones talks about the relationship of the books to the Twilight series. She talks about the commercial success of the books and the movie (100 million copies, for the book, $87.1 million for the first weekend of the film). She cites and disputes Joseph Heschmeyer’s views on the phenomenon as they appeared in the journal First Things. She jumps to the general topic of misogyny and the possible effects of a film like this on society. She even quotes a scripture verse which is quite unusual in Christian Century and which indicates, to me, a state of extreme agitationgray 1.

So what’s going on here? What’s this all about? If this is a film about sexual abuse, why do so many women want to see it? I looked around for awhile to see if I could find anyone who was interested in this question; I couldn’t find anyone in the time I was willing to spend on it. It’s a media event. It’s a commercial success. It has/does not have major effects on society. OK…I get that. Why do women want to see it? There can’t be all that many women who want to have THAT done to them. Can there?

Well…what is THAT? Is it sex for the pleasure of sex without any sentimental and unnecessary romantic feelings? Is it being raped? Is it getting to choose to be raped? Or “spanked” or beaten?

Emma Green says this clip appears in one of the books:

He hits me again … this is getting harder to take. My face hurts, it’s screwed up so tight. He strokes me gently and then the blow comes. I cry out again.
“No one to hear you, baby, just me.”
And he hits me again and again. From somewhere deep inside, I want to beg him to stop. But I don’t. I don’t want to give him the satisfaction.

gray 2I don’t know those answers so let me start with a few things I do know. I know that you can’t find the answer to a question like that by asking. In the course of my varied career, I have found a lot of things pleasurable without being able to say precisely why. There is no evolutionary advantage, a biologist will tell you, in being able to say just why you enjoy producing progeny. Actually producing progeny on the other hand, is what makes a species successful.

I’m sure any researcher could find women who like something—lets say kinky sex, just to get into the topic and to avoid the necessity of defining what we’re talking about—and who can say why. But that raises other questions. These women are certain to be right about whether they liked kinky sex, but how likely are they to know just why? And if they do know, can we say that they fairly represent the many other women who don’t know or who can’t say? Can we safely generalize, in other words, from the few women who can reliably answer the question?

What I’d really like to see is a series of psychological tests taken by women who had some experience of kinky sex—to do this experiment, I would actually have to define it, I suppose—and liked it or didn’t like it. Then we could start defining the pool of people we wanted to talk to. Are the women with the highest self-esteem more or less likely to like it? High or low on an authoritarianism scale? High or low on a self-efficacy scale, which would measure how important it was to them to be able to choose a project and then do it and succeed at it? If we had that kind of testing, we’d know which women to talk to at least.

I’m sure somebody has done that. If I were going to look for it, I’d start with the journal Sex Roles, but I’m not going to. It really isn’t the phenomenon that interests me. It’s the reaction. Why is this a big deal?

Emma Green wrote a really interesting article in the Atlantic about this. The bright pink illustrations in this post were all taken from that article, by the way. She talked to a lot of people, among whom were “the BDSM community.” BDSM is a contraction of bondage and discipline: dominance and submission, and sadism and masochism.

gray 3I’ve been troubled for a long time about the use of the word community to refer to a category of people. Having some similar traits doesn’t make you a “community.” We talk about “the black community,” which makes sense on some issues, but we never talk about “the middle class community,” an expression that would never make sense. It takes more than a common trait to make up a community, even if that trait is very important to the people involved.

Green talks about “the BDSM community.” Really? Say there’s a club in Houston where BDSM sexuality is practiced. I’d be willing to consider that the people who go there regularly are a “community.” I think I’d reject outright the existence of “a BDSM community” if that meant “all such clubs, wherever they are,” much less “all such people, wherever they are.” If Ms. Green had said she had talked to a number of people who were experienced in the practices of BDSM, I would have felt more confident that I knew what she was saying.

Sado-masochism is widely reviled, even as it is widely practiced. The question that the “BDSM community” raises in my mind is: “What if it were not widely reviled?” What if people said, conversationally, “Do you like BDSM sex or are you just conventional?”

gray 4It’s the underpinnings of the question that matter most here. It implies that there are two—for the purposes of this post—kinds of sex. Some like it this way, some that way. What’s your own preference? The way this question sets up is that these two options are acceptable and I am curious about which of these OK options interests you. I’m not ready for BDSM to be one of the OK options.

Adrian Peterson thinks that giving his son a good whupping is the right way to raise him—another good instance of why you don’t want tiny little scripture fragents attached to your argument. I’m sure Mr. Peterson had Proverbs 18:34 in mind. Some think that internalized guilt is better. Some think that rewards and punishments are better.

gray 5So, to follow my worries about “the underpinnings of an argument” out a little, let’s transpose the BDSM strategy, above, to the corporal punishment of children. What if people said, conversationally, “Do you like to beat your children as a way of securing their compliance and affection or are you more a carrot and stick family?” Some like it this way, according to this way of framing the question, and some like it the other way. Both are OK, of course, because we are not interested in being judgmental, but I wonder what your own preferences are.

Once you move practices “out of the shadows” or out of tight little groups of adherents (those are what I would call “communities, by the way), you move them into the public. Now they are matters of “preference,” the presupposition being that there are many acceptable options, of which BDSM is one.  It may be, as some of Emma Green’s respondents said, that “within the BDSM community,” they know how to handle the risks and not get people hurt.  But if it is going mainstream, it is going to be used by people who have no idea what they are doing and don’t know how to stop.

You can see why this troubles me. I have no interest in knowing what kind of sex my neighbors like in their bedrooms on in their clubs, but I am, myself, a part of the public conversation about the mainstream choices and if Fifty Shades is a way of moving conversation into the mainstream, I would rather they didn’t.

The second question is, “Why is this happening now?” Short of finding people to ask and thinking how they might know the answer, I have a very broad theory. Sometimes when social forces push the people further than they want to go in one direction, they push back the other direction. “You can’t make me,” seems to be the sentiment.

The California State University system has adopted a version of “explicit consent” that contains this:

“Affirmative consent must be ongoing throughout a sexual activity and can be revoked at any time.”

The goal is preventing sexual abuse. Good so far. The means, which requires asking Gray 6permission over and over to touch the sex partner here or there or over here—that’s what “ongoing affirmative consent throughout a sexual activity” means— may have seemed just too much. Just guessing. Certainly that approach has been ridiculed a good deal in print.

My theory is that the over the top popularity of 50 Shades of Gray is a way of saying “You can’t make me” to the legislature—and just the opposite to the partner. Think about it. This appetite for bondage and domination and inflicting erotic pain could be the push back from that. Women, having had their noses rubbed in the permission-giving scenario, are backing away from it as fast as they can and are winding up experimenting with BDSM, and that begins with reading the books.

If this new interest is an artifact of a demand for autonomy, we can expect it to die out as the draconian regulation of sexual contact dies out. Or maybe its just an extension of the “bodice-ripper” pulp fiction that has been popular for a long time with women who don’t wear bodices and would not like to have them ripped off if they did.

It’s hard to say. To speculate any further, I’d have to read the books and I really don’t want to do that.

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There are no “social genes”

Well…there are and there aren’t.  If I had seen this title written by someone else, I would have reached into my very large store of “yes, buts” and started replying.  In this particular case, I wrote it myself and I know what I meant.  I meant that there are no mechanisms that affect society (social) in the way genes affect bodies.[1]

You can, of course, devise analogies to the effects of or the mechanisms used by genes—that is the first thing I did—but there are no such genes.  There is no endocannabinoid anxious 5system, despite those who would nominate NFL football;   There are no cannabinoid receptors. There are no FAAH enzymes, although as a political scientist, I am used to assuming that an initial F probably stands for federal and you can do some really interesting things with the AAH if you do start with federal.

There was a really interesting article in last Sunday’s New York Times (here) called “the feel-good gene.”  Author Richard Friedman’s point is that the “good gene” is called anandamide; that it is naturally synthesized by our bodies, and that some people have more than others.  Those people are “lucky.”

But there is another way of understanding my patient’s anxiety and cannabis use. The endocannabinoid system, so named because the active drug in cannabis, THC, is closely related to the brain’s own anandamide, is the target of marijuana and has long been implicated in anxiety. It exists throughout the animal kingdom, though one would be hard-pressed to find a nonhuman animal clever — or foolish — enough to eat solely for the purpose of stimulating its own receptors with cannabis.The major naturally occurring cannabinoid in our brain is anandamide, something our bodies synthesize. Anandamide is, aptly, taken from the Sanskrit word ananda, meaning bliss because, when it binds to the cannabinoid receptor, it has a calming effect.

anxious 2This is why articles like these ought to be written by teams of doctors and sociologists.  This one was written by only the doctor half of that team.  Dr. Friedman has been treating patients and has seen the terrible effects of anxiety levels that are “too high.”   And he has apparently been in contact over the years with people who argue that anxiety is a psychological problem (only) and therefore ought not be taken over by people who study genes.

What the sociologist half of the team would have said is, “What is the ideal distribution of anxiety in a society so that the society will be best served by it?”  The question at the system level is how much anxiety distributed in what way will be best for the system.  I know that would seem heartless to a therapist, but anyone who wants to treat the issue at the system level, as opposed to the individual level, is going to have to be willing to ask that question.

Another question the sociologist who should have been the co-author of the doctor would have asked is, “How much anxiety is too much for this person?”  The enzyme FAAH, referred to above, is an enzyme that deactivates anandamide.  Anandamide has a calming effect on us—an anti-anxiety effect—so too much FAAH is going to mean more anxiety.  We know that and by manipulating the amounts of FAAH, we can manipulate anxiety.  But no deftness of manipulation is going to tell us how much anxiety is “enough.”  Or is “functional.” Or is better than the alternatives.

Do we need to know those things?  Not to treat hyperanxious patients.  When a patient comes to see a doctor and is immobilized by anxiety, the doctor’s job as it pertains to that patient is to treat him or her so that the level of anxiety goes down and the level of functionality that we call “living a life” is restored.  We need to know who we are talking about (the patient) and what direction to take the anxiety level (down).

anxious 4But what about other perspectives?  What about cultivating resilience?  I chose the picture below because it shows precisely what the word means.   What about “appropriate levels of anxiety?”  Imagine that I keep doing an activity that makes me very anxious.  I can wish I were less anxious, but I am still anxious. I can lament that I am not among the 21% of Americans of European descent who have the “feel-good gene.”  Or, in some cases, I can stop doing the activity that makes me anxious.  That third alternative is the one that attracts me.  I know it doesn’t apply to all situations, but nothing applies to all situations and when I hear people lamenting the “bad luck” of the 79% of Americans of European descent, I wonder if the next step isn’t going to be to “change the luck” by synthesizing the “feel good gene” and dumping it into the water supply.

I know that’s a fantasy.  In Portland, we can’t even add fluoride to the water supply.[2]  But I’ve read Brave New World just like you have and in order to not go there, there has to be a counter-logic.  Where is a counter-logic going to come from?  Is it going to come from the place that failed to oppose an explosion in the use of Ritalin that is sometimes estimated at 700%?

Assuming that the Ritalin numbers are just a quantification of “alarming increase,” how did that happen?  Well, some kids were diagnosed as having ADHD and given medicine that helped them.  Good so far.  Now the question for the parents of non-ADHD kids is, “If my child would be helped in school by doses of Ritalin, why should I not provide them for him?”  Good question.

Here’s another good question.  What is “hyperactivity?”  This is your sociologist speaking.anxious 3  “Hyper-,” that means “too much” –activity is too much activity for a given setting or for a given task or for a given time.  So here’s a thought: change the setting.  Modify the task.  Allow for a wider range of “normal behavior.”

I don’t know if those would work in any particular case, but they are all instances of translating medical questions into social questions.  Social questions have the virtue of preserving a place for psychological questions.  Asking whether you have provided a good environment for the children is a really good thing to do, but even after you have, there are kids who are going to be benefitted by drugs like Ritalin and by gene therapy which reduces FAAH.

The social form of the question leaves room for the medical form, but the medical form does not leave room for the social form.  And that’s one big reason why I prefer the social form.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

[1] There are ways of framing these things that have a substantial effect on whether they are thought to be social problems or just individual problems.  Constance Nathanson’s work on that has produced the categories, medical problem, moral problem, and social problem.  Today, I am pitting the first against the third.
[2] I came to a vote and the people gave a resounding NO to it.

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