Now bring on the victory laps

When I first began to formulate the metaphor of victory laps in 1977 (much more later), my wife, Donnie, and our children—then 16, 14, and 12—were living in New Wilmington, Pennsylvania on a little circle of houses kept for new faculty at Westminster College.

The Original Victory Laps

The first approach to the notion of a “victory lap” was no more than self-talk. Part of my life at this period was running 34 (and change) miles a week every week for a year. [1] That wouldn’t really have been so bad, but things happen. I took a couple weeks off for a backpacking trip in the Rockies—and none of those miles counted—and then I got sick a time or two. By the spring of 1977, I was several hundred miles behind and looking for any way at all to pad my total.

It turned out that New Faculty Circle was half a mile around, if you start and end at victory lap 5our house, so after every run, I would add that extra half mile. I called them “victory laps” after all the victory laps I had seen superb runners like Steve Prefontaine take at Hayward Field in Eugene. [2] And that’s all there was to it at first.

But running distances is an intensively mental activity and after a while I noticed that my body didn’t feel the same when I was running that “extra” half mile as it felt during the “real” miles. There was a 19 mile run I used to do, for instance and I remember coming down the hill to my house in real distress; cramps or blisters or a side stitch or a headache or something. But when I started the extra half mile, those feelings went away. That helped substantiate the notion of “victory lap.” It was a celebration lap. A “victory” not over any competitor, but over my pain barrier and my tiredness.

That was a very carefully phrased sentence, I hope you noticed. I didn’t say that in that half mile the blisters healed themselves. I said the feelings went away. Did I just stop paying attention to them? Was there something about the gentle grades of that last half that didn’t aggravate them? Running pains of various kinds seems to have a wave character and the come and go, even as the condition that produces them stays the same. I have no idea what the truth was. What I cared about was that the extra half mile was ordinarily pain-free and took on a celebratory cast.

The Victory Lap Metaphor

I was about 20 when I met Donnie and we were together for 20 years, roughly, and I began to move toward imagining that if I lived to be 80, I would have “run” four 20 year “laps.” Life as mile race, where every lap was 20 years long. The proverb that runs, “The days of a man are fourscore and ten/or by reason of strength, fourscore” has been familiar to me nearly all my life. I think that accounts, in part, for my early attraction to 80.

The timing has gotten a little ragged since age 40, but Marilyn and I were together for] nearly 24 years and by the time I reach 80, Bette and I will have been together for 12 years. [3] It’s not a perfect division, but it’s good enough for me and it raises the question, “What is a “victory lap” after you have run all four of the two-decade laps and have turned 80.

Getting Serious About Application

I honestly don’t know. I have memories that that was the time the pain went away or at least that it stopped bothering me. I have the notion of a little extra running to celebrate that the “real” running is done for the day. I have the sense that during many of those victory laps, I let my mind range back over the run, celebrating the best parts, reconsidering the pace I had chosen for the hills, building a new strategy for the next run.

And then, just a few days ago, something really heart-warming happened. I got a letter from Donnie, who really understands the “victory lap” metaphor because she was there at the time. [4] She ended her note to me with this:

“However, in my heart and my mind, I will always…want you to know I care enormously about your “victory laps.”

victory lap 3This is Britain Lake, by the way.  The faculty circle loop is just to the right.

I loved that warm thought and it made me think that maybe it’s time I get to work deciding what the victory laps will mean to me in their new metaphorical clothes. The original “victory lap” was a time of physical relief. It’s hard to be against that. It was a time of critical assessment of “the run.” [5] That seems worth doing in both the immediate sense of the run just concluded and also in the more general sense of strategy for that course. It was a time of celebration. However that particular day went, I had completed the run that day and I picked up a certain number of miles against my accumulated deficit. I think I like that one too.

Those three, at least, ought to make up my present day about-to-turn-80 victory laps. If I called them Celebration, Physical relief, and Assessment, I could say I am working on my CPA. Probably I wouldn’t want to say it very often.

Celebration of completing the eighth decade certainly ought not to be a problem. At the very least, I could celebrate not having died yet and on beyond that, I have, in fact, had moments that I can recall with real pleasure and I could celebrate those. I could celebrate them as many old people do by telling stories about them.

Physical relief is going to be the hardest one to apply metaphorically. There are two reasons for that. The first is that over a long life, I have associated strenuous exercise with virtue and avoiding it with vice. If I have no more to guide me than “If it doesn’t feel good, don’t do it,” that is going to require an adjustment. What happens to all that virtue foregone; all that vice avoided?

The second is that if things like a good soak in a hot tub feel good, I have the time victory lap 1and right downstairs by the pool is the hot tub. I do have one new trick about physical relief. My body has felt bad in a lot of different ways over the years and I am familiar with those ways. I am capable, now, of getting up in the morning and actually experience the “not hurting” of a joint or a muscle. That is something I never experienced at all at the time I was running the 1776 project.

Assessment will be the easiest one. I do that anyway. What has worked on this course? Where have I too often failed to pick up a challenge that would have benefitted me later? When have I overestimated my energy and spent too much too early? Those are all very physical question in the original scenario but they are provocative prompts in the new one. Good answers to those questions could shape my life going forward.

But what is a lap?

That leaves the question of what a “lap” is—not what it is for (we’ve just established that) but how long it is.I’m inclined, at the moment, to make the lap a season. That would give me four of them a year, rather than four of them in eighty years. It would orient me outward toward the natural world, rather than inward as “quarterly” would. And the notion of “season” as a metaphor for part of a life is already well established. [6]  New Wilmington is surrounded by Amish farms, so sights like this one (this stretch looks very familiar, so I think it was part of this run) were common.

victory lap 2And I think I will start with winter. Winter will begin five days after my birthday. That doesn’t seem too long to wait. And my brother John, who has greatly enriched my appreciation of seasons, begins his survey [7] with winter on the grounds that it is the simplest. Productivity has shut down and “life” is resting—unless it is trying to find a way to live through the winter—and the whole cycle is getting ready to begin again.

Also, the church year begins in the winter with Advent. There is no historical reason for placing the birth of Jesus in winter, but the church has done it for a very long time now and I began accepting it long before I had any idea how arbitrary it was. Besides, now that I think about it, Advent is the time when Christians reflect on the many scriptures that, in retrospect, point definitively to Jesus’s birth. These scriptures are very much like my reflection, at the end of the run where, looking back, everything seems clearer.

Now if you will excuse me, I need to finish this lap so I can get the celebration started.

[1] I know it sounds odd, but I had signed up for a National Joggers Association project which called on members to run 1776 miles between the 4th of July 1976 and the 4th of July 1977. It was to be a celebration of the bicentennial.
[2] Of course, Prefontaine’s victory laps marked the races where he came in first. Mine marked training runs where I managed to come it at all
[3] I will be 80 on December 16 this year and Bette and I will have been married for 12 years on the 28th, less than two weeks later.
[4] Although I have to say that my kids were there at the time too, and they just hate the victory lap metaphor. Nothing I have ever said to them has moved them off the notion that “finishing the race” is just a metaphor for death. It is heartwarming that they don’t want me to die, of course, but it would be nice if they would take the metaphor in the way I mean it. I am a teacher, after all, as well as a father.
[5] The quotation marks there indicate a small complexity. “The run” includes the most recent run over a particular course, but it also includes “my strategy on that particular course” generally. I might conclude that I take that long uphill toward the cheese plant too fast and pay for it for the next several miles. In that way it is a more general reflection of “the best way to manage that course,” not just how I did on that course today.
[6] I am thinking, certainly, of Daniel Levinson’s The Seasons of a Man’s Life and probably also Archibald McLeish’s summary, in which he refers to autumn as “the human season.”
[7] See John Hess, A Perfectly Ordinary Paradise (the working title), forthcoming.

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A Hollywood opening

Saturday, April 22, was my first visit to the Hollywood branch [1] of our library system. [2] It was a spectacularly good experience. Already I feel a reluctance to go back to try to experience it all over again because it is really hard to experience something the same way twice.  On the other hand, I will never forget the experience. Ever. And I know why. And if you’ll stay with me, I’ll tell you.

This morning, that branch of the library opened at 10:00. I was there at 9:53 and so were a few mothers with young children. By 9:59 there were lots of mothers with young children and quite a few older people too, all men. We were all waiting for the doors to open.

At 10:00 exactly, two librarians showed up to open the two large glass doors and people started in. Just inside those two doors, you have to turn to the left where you encounter two more large glass doors. Those doors were being held open—wide open—by two more librarians.

Everyone who entered received a greeting from these four young women. It was not a personal greeting, like “Oh, Mrs. Jones, how good to see you again. How is little Robert?” Nothing like that. The words spoken were more like “Good morning” and “Welcome to the library” and “Isn’t it a lovely day?” But it wasn’t the words, it was the manner.

All four of the librarians were interacting with us as we went in. They made eye contact; they smiled; they held the doors as open as the doors would go. They spoke to each adult who came in and to some of the children. If they had been curtsying, the effect could hardly have been more dramatic or more unexpected. It was a performance, certainly, but it was a performance with a meaning that everyone understood and some of us, at least, cherished.

You have to stop a minute and remember that these are not customers. They are not there to buy anything. The library would not make a nickel more by managing this entering ceremony badly than they would by managing it well.

I am sure that the people they chose to do the ceremony were people who were naturally IMG_0034.jpggood at it or who had gotten good at it. But good people or no, the ceremony itself is aimed at making people feel welcome because it is a library. They conveyed the attitude that a library is a special place. That’s where the illusion of the curtsying came from. Welcome to this special place. We do knowledge here. We are so glad you have come to spend some time sharing this pursuit with us.

It was hard for me to believe that I had seen what I thought I had seen. And then, by great good fortune, I had trouble finding the book I was there to check out. It wasn’t on the shelf “were it belonged” because it was on a special shelf called “Staff Picks.” What a good place for it to be! The librarian who helped me find it knew all about the charade I had witnessed at the doors. “For some of our people,” she said, “That is the best part of the day.”

So they knew what they were doing. I may have been unusually sensitive to it, but I wasn’t making it up. It’s hard not to love a place like Portland where things like this just keep happening.

[1] The first prominent feature in this neighborhood was the Hollywood theater and the name of the neighborhood was changed from Hollyrood to match the theater. “Hollyrood is, itself, an adaptation of Holyrood, an area in Edinburgh, Scotland.
[2] “For the 11th year in a row, Multnomah County Library patrons have checked out and renewed more items than patrons of any other U.S. library serving fewer than one million residents — an average of about 33.4 items checked out or renewed for every man, woman and child in Multnomah County,” according to the Public Library Data Service Statistical Report

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Hey wait. There IS another way

I love those moments when the familiar options suddenly turn themselves inside out and everything looks instantly different. Daniel J. Levitin gave an amazing example in the New York Times of March 25 (here) and I have been looking for a chance to celebrate what he did. Here is the line that sold the article to me.

The voice of reason, the voices of my dear parents, filled my head: If there is no other way, I should shoot him. The phrase echoed for me: there is no other way. Then it hit me. There is another way.

This is going to be a piece about guns to a certain extent. That is the narrowest and least important focus. The next larger focus is going to be about being aware of your alternatives. That’s the difficult one. And finally, the last and most general focus is understanding how your sense of the alternatives is shaped and constrained without your awareness and certainly without your consent.

gun 1We’ll look first at the situation as Levitin describes it; then at the alternatives as they seemed to him at first. Then, finally, how he escaped that trap and how those familiar and bad options turned themselves inside out and gave him some new choices.

 

The situation

Here is the way Levitin sets the scene.

I was working at my desk the other day, overlooking my front yard, when I saw a man walk by the window and around the corner toward the back of the house. He was in his late 20s, wearing a rumpled gray sweatshirt; I’d never seen him before.

I waited, expecting him to come back around, since there is no other way out. When, after a few minutes, he didn’t reappear, it dawned on me he could be a burglar. There had been postings on Nextdoor.com about break-ins. I looked out the back window and saw him, systematically peering into windows.

Then Levitin got his gun and loaded it and called the police.

At that point, he begins to wrestle with his options in a way that brings us to the line that caught my interest. Here is that line again, this time with context.

Then it hit me. There is another way: I could simply get myself out of the house. Then there’d be no confrontation.

I sneaked downstairs, left through the garage door and waited on the corner of the street. Standing there, I realized: There is nothing in my home worth a man’s life. They are just material possessions. I can defend my life if called upon, or the lives of my family, but I don’t need to defend my stuff by shooting someone. That’s just crazy.

The Decision

In this story, Levitin rushed down the path where his fears led him. What would I do, if it came down to it, in the nightmare scenario? The intruder and I are face to face and we both have guns? If you take that scenario for granted, the next question is, “Am I willing to kill the intruder to prevent him from killing me?”

Of these two bad options—and if you take the scenario for granted, they are the only options—which will I take? Then maybe you move on to whether you would be willing; would you have the courage?” Now it’s not a question of strategy anymore; now it is a question of character. Do I have the character to do what needs to be done. Am I “man enough?”

Why not another decision?

Just what decision is before us always seems clear at the time. That is because, as I gun 2indicated above, the decision situation derives directly from things you aren’t aware of at the time. “The situation” is concocted of stories you have heard, movies you have seen, arguments you have had, your own attitude toward yourself, your self-confidence or the lack of it. So the set of options—should I shoot or not if it comes down to that—seems very present. It seems clear. And it should seem clear. These are all things you are experiencing.

But, of course, our experiences are based on our perceptions, and if our perceptions are systematically distorted, then our experience will be systematically distorted, which means that the options we think we have are also systematically distorted. It is nonsense to say that you are not experiencing what you are experiencing. On the other hand, we need to know that we don’t have to trust what we are experiencing. We can know it to be an experience and also know it not to be true.

As that bears on this intruder scenario, Levitin can experience his fear and he can clearly anticipate the alternative he things he will be facing. But if the basis of his is experience is distorted, then the alternatives he thinks he has will be distorted as well. There is every reason to push beyond those apparent alternatives. Every reason to. But not much motivation to. Not when you are afraid. That is what makes Levitin’s experience so remarkable.

Some Examples

But what you see and hear is affected greatly by other things. I walked home from the bank recently with $5000 in $100 bills in my wallet. I was just transferring it from one account to another, but the familiar walk from the bank to our apartment simply bristled with danger. People stood closer to me than usual. People took longer to pass me on the sidewalk than usual. People looked at me with an unsettling interest—not something I had experienced before on that familiar street.

What’s going on? You know, of course. I was imagining all those things because of something I knew (I had all that money in my wallet) that no one else knew. Of course. I agree. But I assure you that I experienced what I experienced. My sense of “what is going on here” was substantially distorted by the money I was carrying.

The same thing would have happened had I been carrying a gun. [1] My awareness that I was carrying a gun would distort all my perceptions into “gun-relevant” channels. I wouldn’t feel that I was being more aggressive. I would just be scanning the environment for threats. I am prompted to be unusually aware of threats because I am carrying with me a response to those threats.

So carrying a lot of cash around makes you more alert to the possibility that you are going to be robbed; carrying a gun around alerts you to the possibility that you are going to be attacked.

Making another decision

gun 3I like this story because Levitin escaped from the trap that his gun laid for him. Suddenly another question became available to him Am I prepared to kill another human being just to protect all this stuff? Of course not. In that form, he rejected it instantly.

But to get to that new question you have to break the hold of “If only there were another way!”—a formulation that assures you that there is not. And, having broken the hold, you have to be open to the realization that there actually is another way. And you have to be open to that while you are standing there with your loaded gun.

I think that is simply amazing. This is a story that needs to be told and retold. It isn’t that there are no conditions in which using a gun would be acceptable. It is always better to choose the lesser evil when both the choices are evil. But when you say “both choices” and “lesser evil” you are thinking of only two choices. How did you get restricted to two choices?

What is it that is keeping you from realizing that there may be other choices, entirely different choices? Whatever it is, you need to be willing to realize that there are other options while you are still in the situation. “Then it hit me,” says Levitin, “There IS another way.”

[1]  Here is some unsurprising but well described research on the effect of guns from Jessica Witt and James Brockmole at Purdue.

 

Posted in Political Psychology, Society, ways of knowing | Tagged , , , , | 4 Comments

A Bunny Welcome for Jesus

This year, Walmart featured a very upbeat TV ad with the caption, “Easter like you mean it.” It’s about kids running around in a well cared for neighborhood, chasing each other and finding easter eggs while inside the house, the elders are preparing a sumptuous feast. [1] And in spite of all the action, the first thing to catch my attention was that they had turned Easter into a verb. [2]

When I got past that, “Eastering like you mean it” began to seem like a good idea. The Resurrection of Jesus of Nazareth in one thing, of course, and the annual celebration of an event called “Easter” is quite another. Bede, the medieval English writer, says that Anglo-Saxon Christians adopted that name in honor of Eastre, the goddess of fertility and spring, but it may originally have meant “sunrise.” [3]

So the notion of “Eastering like you mean it” doesn’t actually run afoul of any hallowed Christian words. “Christmas like you mean it” does run afoul of Christian words, but the offense against the language is the same. It is clear in the TV ad that “Eastering” requires buying a lot of stuff, which is why it interested Walmart, I am sure, but it is hard to get any clarity on what the alternatives are. “Don’t Easter at all!” doesn’t sound like a winner. “Easter unenthusiastically!” isn’t much better.

Today I want to tIMG_0028.jpgry to understand why an Easter card has meant so much to me over the years. It first meant something to me because it was sent to me by my niece, Lisa Hess, in the confident expectation that she and I found the same kinds of things to be funny. Boy was she right about that!

So here’s the first part. You have to understand that the hill represents the tomb where Jesus’s body was placed after the crucifixion and the circle in the middle of it is a stone, intended to seal the mouth of the cave. The world’s most confident rabbit sits beside the cave and the rock rolls over him. We see the word “Easter…” with its little ellipsis and inside the card comes what is supposed to be the punch line: “It not about a bunny.”

OK, that’s a little bit funny. It’s better than “Keep Christ in Christmas,” but it’s not as good as “Easter like you mean it.”

Inside the card, at the bottom right corner, it gets a lot better. It’s funnier, for one thing; something Lisa and I both enjoyed. But there is something else, too, and that something else, whatever it is, has moved me for years. There is something serious under the funny. I get the card out of the drawer where I keep it even when it isn’t Easter. I don’t even give it up for Lent.

Here’s the second part.

Here is Jesus, obviously, and the formerly crushed bunny. Jesus and the bunny are looking very alive. Jesus declares, “You’re healed.” The bunny responds, “ThanksIMG_0027.jpg. Welcome back.” For me, this is where the funny starts.

For one thing, of the thirty some individual healings recorded in the New Testament accounts, no one ever responded verbally to Jesus. That’s to the best of my memory and since we are here exploring why this might have struck me as enduringly funny, my memory is the record that really matters. So this bunny is the first to do that. And he is surprisingly casual about it. There’s no “Blessings on thee, thou Son of David” or anything like that. “Thanks.”

But then he goes on. “Welcome back.” Well…the time doesn’t work, for one thing. The bunny was dead long before Jesus left the tomb. No one has ever suggested that Jesus rolled the stone away himself. “Back” implies a continuity of experience that makes no sense at all. I think that is why I like it.

But I think the pop in this whole card—for me, this is a private meaning—is “Welcome.” It never made any sense to me that the bunny would be welcoming Jesus “back” representing only himself. (“Back” really is a theological problem, but it isn’t funny [4]) He must represent some larger entity on behalf of whom he is welcoming Jesus. The bunny is not a host, in other words; he is a spokesman.

As I have thought about this over the years, I have become convinced that this discrepancy—the bunny as a spokesman—is the discrepancy that has generated years of funny and now, finally, a small attempt to understand what is so funny. It is very like the discrepancy between “Thanks” and “Blessings on thee, thou Son of David.” And discrepancies are the nub of humor. A discrepancy that you take playfully is funny by definition.

So who does the bunny represent? We are all guessing here. I am sure theEaster 2 artist didn’t have a candidate in mind. For myself, I think maybe “the natural order.” The relationship of God’s followers to the natural order has been contentious to say the least. Those drawing from Genesis get to choose between God’s command that we “dominate” and “subdue” nature or that we “care for it” as a steward cares for his master’s property. Quite a difference.

But the larger difference comes in visions of the natural order and the Eschaton—the end of time—when God’s rule on earth is fully realized. Isaiah’s vision in Chapter 11 is well-known. [5]

6 The wolf will live with the lamb, the panther lie down with the kid, calf, lion and fat-stock beast together, with a little boy to lead them. 7 The cow and the bear will graze, their young will lie down together. The lion will eat hay like the ox. 8 The infant will play over the den of the adder; the baby will put his hand into the viper’s lair. 9 No hurt, no harm will be done on all my holy mountain, for the country will be full of knowledge of Yahweh as the waters cover the sea.

The Apostle Paul’s vision is even more extensive. In Romans 8, he says:

18 In my estimation, all that we suffer in the present time is nothing in comparison with the glory which is destined to be disclosed for us, 19 for the whole creation is waiting with eagerness for the children of God to be revealed. 20 It was not for its own purposes that creation had frustration imposed on it, but for the purposes of him who imposed it— 21 with the intention that the whole creation itself might be freed from its slavery to corruption and brought into the same glorious freedom as the children of God.

Creation itself is broken, Paul says. It has had “frustration imposed on it.” Whatever specific meaning that points to, I think the later expression—“it’s slavery to corruption”—is intended to echo it. In this vision, it is not only that deadly conflict is removed (as in Isaiah), but also the tendency of matter toward corruption and decay. When he says that nature is to be healed, he cites as a problem to be solved, a condition that moderns, like me, don’t think of as a problem at all. We think of it as what the world is truly like.

Anyway, that’s my best guess. I have been looking for what the bunny’s casual welcome means—what larger reality it represents. I assert that the welcome represents some larger reality on no grounds other than the persistent sense I have had that there is more to the card than a first reading gives us. And to back up the notion that there is something more to the card, I have nothing but the abiding sense of discrepancy. It is like asking everyone to listen to an echo that, it turns out, only you can hear.

I was looking for some larger entity on whose behalf the bunny could welcome Jesus’s return. Isaiah’s vision and Paul’s as well, offer “nature itself” as a candidate. It is on behalf of the natural world, now broken but ultimately to be redeemed, that the bunny welcome Jesus’s return.

I don’t really know. What I know is that I have liked this card for many years and have liked it much more than I “should” if there is no more to it than just what is on the card.  The dialog on the inner card is funny, but it isn’t that funny. The cartoon drawings are funny, but they aren’t that funny. I have gone looking for an explanation by poking and prodding at the discrepancies that are only hinted at in the card itself.

And that, finally, is what I think. I think that some part of me has sensed that the dramatic scene presented on the card is a huge cosmic drama told by Amos ’n Andy. The presentation and the meaning, by this understanding, are wildly out of line.

And that is just the kind of thing that makes me laugh.

[1] It didn’t occur to me while I was being dazzled by the ad, but scarcely anyone making Wallmart-level wages could afford the life that is pictured here. I guess that is only a minor irony.
[2] This may be in retaliation for all the verbs that have become nouns in business-speak. “We have not yet got to the ask,” illustrates the problem I am contemplating.
[3] In which case the Christian justification for having hijacked yet another pagan festival would be that the Son did, in fact, rise at daybreak. I know that goes beyond the textual evidence, but we are exploring levels of meaning here in which substantiation really doesn’t matter very much.
[4] The doctrine of the Resurrection has nothing at all to do with “coming back” to life. The “life” to which Resurrection points is on beyond death. Jesus did not rebound into a continuingly mortal life like Lazarus did. He didn’t come “back.” He went “on.”  And that makes the bunny’s  greeting a sort of theological puzzle. See “The Re- of Resurrection” https://thedilettantesdilemma.com/2017/02/26/the-re-of-resurrection/ for a recent treatment.

[5] This vision treats the predatory cycle as a problem that will be solved. No more predators and no more prey. I don’t know of any biologists who think of existence of predators is a problem to be solved.A

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Remembering Dad at Easter

My father has been dead for more than thirty years, but every Easter, I remember him as vividly as if we talked just last week. I am going to show you two really ordinary pictures today. They are pictures of socks. They aren’t very good socks. The elastic is getting pretty relaxed and there are some little holes up on the ankle. But they were Dad’s socks and I wear them to the Easter services at our church every year.

I want to begin by saying that these socks “represent” something. I put the word in quotes this time because I want to use it literally; the socks “make present again”—they re- + present—a certain part of my relationship with Dad and that I why I wear them at Easter.

Dad had a lot of trouble with the Resurrection. I do too. But he thought it was important so he never quit IMG_0029.jpg wrestling with it. I haven’t either. Dad was in a great deal more contact with “resurrection” than any casually orthodox Christian would have been. I think Dad knew the Resurrection about as well as Jacob knew the angel he wrestled with and for most of the same reasons.

I wear his socks at Easter to honor all that wrestling Dad did and to help me remember to fight the good fight myself. More about “the good fight” in a little while.

I sometimes thought of Dad as a diver who was a long way below the surface and who was brought up to the surface too quickly. He got DCS (decompression sickness), commonly called “bends.” As his son, I never got to the depths he reached and I took a lot longer coming to the surface, so I didn’t have to confront the bends myself. Very much. Here’s how I saw that in Dad.

Dad came to maturity in a very conservative religious culture. You didn’t have to understand what the Resurrection was, but you did have to believe that it was true. That was hard for Dad because that same culture taught him to be very careful about his own integrity; not to say something was true if it was false or that it was unimportant if it was crucial. Some of the religious practices that produced seemed to me more humorous than tragic. In a church service where we were saying “what we believe,” Dad refused to submerge his own beliefs in any kind of “we” at all. He said that if the Apostles Creed began “We believe in God the Father Almighty,” and so on, he would have no trouble with it. “We” do, in fact, believe in God the Father Almighty.

But it doesn’t say that. It says “I believe in God the Father Almighty” and so on. Dad didn’t IMG_0030.jpghave any trouble with that particular clause, but there were clauses that troubled him a good deal and he didn’t say those clauses. The effect was like a radio with a loose connection and some clauses would be easily audible, then some silence, then another audible phrase.

My father was a serious man and he had long ago learned the meaning of the teaching Matthew passes along on “swearing.” Let your yes mean yes and your no mean no” the Matthean Jesus says. “Everything more than that comes from the Evil One.”

As an adult, Dad got a little breathing space from some very modern Christian teachers. Of these, I think Harry Emerson Fosdick was the best known. Fosdick was “a modernist” at a time when “the modernist/fundamentalist controversy” was in full swing. There were a lot of things about Fosdick’s ministry that meant a lot to Dad, but I think it was Fosdick’s panache that really sold him. He said new things and he said them coherently and on occasion wittily. He represents the surface that Dad, following the DCS (bends) metaphor, came up to too quickly.

Here is a story that might illustrate the difference. In the community where Dad grew up, no one would have said “I don’t believe in God” but if anyone had, he or she would have become the focus of a great deal of emotional energy—some of it generous and redemptive, another part of it angry and threatening. But no one would have said what Fosdick said when a young and aggressive parishioner said he didn’t believe in God. “Tell me about this God you don’t believe in,” said Fosdick in the story I heard Dad tell dozens of times. The angry young atheist started down the catalogue of things God has done and things His followers have done that are horrible to contemplate. “Oh…that God,” said Fosdick. “I don’t believe in that God either. Let me tell you about the God I believe in.”

In making Crossroads Brethren in Christ church of Mount Joy, Pennsylvania one pole of Dad’s experience and Harry Emerson Fosdick the other pole, I am not being fair to either, but I am trying to suggest the very great distance Dad had to cover to get from one to the other. And he was forced to do it too quickly. That is how he got the bends.

Somewhere in the transition, Dad acquired the “modernist” belief that theology ought to make sense. In the world where Dad grew up, a world of German pietism, “making sense” was not a high order achievement compared, say, with accepting the mystery of grace on faith. In the world where Dad lived when I knew him, “making sense” was crucially important, but it wasn’t hard to achieve if you began with the right questions. Of course, “beginning with the right questions” isn’t all that hard if the community of Christians you live in takes it for granted that the questions can be reformulated so as to be open to modern rational answers. That didn’t work for Dad. He continued to ask the old kinds of questions and to try to answer them with the new kinds of answers. The effect of that, to finish off the bends metaphor, is that Dad was never quite at home on the surface. He didn’t become “a modernist.” He did reject the belief patterns of his youth. He touched the surface now and then; he aspired to the surface—the place where Fosdick lived—but he couldn’t live there.

And that’s why his voice turned off and on when he “recited” the Apostles Creed and that’s why he continued to struggle with the real event of the crucifixion and resurrection of Jesus of Nazareth. And I do too.

And that is why I wear Dad’s socks to our Easter services every year. But I don’t have the bends, the way Dad did, and I have him to thank for that. For one thing, I was not raised in the depths, as he was. I was raised kind of half way up. Not to do more with this simple metaphor that it will really allow, we “visited” the depths where Dad had lived. And we visited the surface where Fosdick’s successors lived. But we didn’t “live” at either place—at least I didn’t.

I also have Dad to thank for being willing to talk about these things with me. I never heard a story in which some older trusted person was willing to sit and listen to Dad’s doubts and to help him find an authentic way to a mature faith. I can’t think who in his life could have done that. I had Dad.

And in the late 1960’s I came to live at the surface. I never had to traverse the distances Dad did and at the distances I did have to travel, I had him as a guide. Dad was not a guide because he had arrived at the place I wanted to be. He was my guide because he never gave up on the questions that shaped his religious awareness from the time he was small and because he never gave up on trying to make sense out of the answers that were available to him as an adult.

So, from my late 20s onward—the way I have told the story I was 28 at the time and thatmaxresdefault.jpg is probably about right—I tried to understand the essential “truths” of the Christian faith in a way that made sense. I was free, as Dad was not, to mess around with the questions and that is how I was able to come up with “answers” that fit the questions better. Like Captain Kirk, subverting the Kobayashi Maru exercise, I have felt free to reprogram the computer and manage not to die.

But for me, too, there is the matter of the resurrection of Jesus of Nazareth. I don’t understand what it was. I don’t understand it as a template of what is in store for everyone. I don’t reject it because I don’t have an ultimate allegiance to “things I can understand,” but I do continue to wrestle with it, like Dad did, and I honor that struggle in myself as I honored it in him. Which is why I wear his socks to the Easter services and have done so every year since he died. I have worn them 32 times.

Some years before he died, Dad became more and more constrained by Alzheimer’s Disease. My guess is that the loss of cognitive function didn’t affect his life of faith at all. He still trusted Whom he trusted. Alzheimers didn’t do good things to his theology, however. He continued to wrestle with the old questions for awhile, it seemed to me, but without the reservoir of strength he had once had. And then, after a while, it seemed to me that he stopped wrestling, as if he had passed that job on to a successor.

Dad’s last years were spent in an Alzheimer’s unit at a retirement center where he was given very good care. But it was a public place, not a private place, and that is why he needed to have his name taped onto everything he was going to wIMG_0031.jpgear. Of the socks I show you here, one of the tapes is still clear, as Dad had been. And one is blank, the identity has come off, as Dad became. And I think about that when I put on the one sock; then the other.

But I really don’t struggle with the bends, to go back to that metaphor, the way Dad did. I
didn’t dive as deep, the surface therefore wasn’t as far away, and I had someone to talk to. I say the whole Apostles Creed, which Dad would not do, because I know why they put some of those clauses in there—“and under the earth,” for example—and I think there were good reasons for them to do that. I participate in the process because I honor it; I don’t withdraw from the process because I can’t understand the meaning of the words. And I can afford to do that because I don’t have the bends.

Something happened to cause the disciples to change their view of what had happened in the life and death of their friend, Jesus. The various gospel writers give us little scenes that were intended to show why the disciples were persuaded that it was a real event and that Jesus was still, in the present post-Easter time, a real person. The scenes the gospel writers offer us don’t do the job of clarifying for me just what the nature of the post-Resurrection Jesus was. And it may not have answered that question for the disciples either. But without question, they did have the sense that Jesus was “back” and that the whole story of his life and death now meant something they had not understood at the time.

Whatever it was that happened—as illustrated by these scenes from the scriptures—is what I call “the Resurrection.” I believe that “it” happened in the sense that I believe that something which had the recorded effects happened. I don’t say “it” didn’t happen just because I don’t know what to call it.

You would think that would be enough, wouldn’t you? And it is, most of the time. But at Easter, it doesn’t seem to be quite enough and I wrestle again with what else it could mean. And while I wrestle, I honor my father.

I am sure I have walked a mile in his socks by now and I think I understand how he felt. Thanks, Dad.

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Gifted, the story of “The Continent Uncle”

giften 1Let’s get the invidious comparisons out of the way right here at the beginning. McKenna Grace is much cuter than Matt Damon has ever been. OK, having said that, Good Will Hunting is a much richer movie than Gifted. Both explore the dilemma faced by a brilliant kid who wants to life a normal life. Matt Damon plays a punk from South Boston; McKenna Grace plays Mary, a little girl with no social skills whatsoever (no friends either) being raised by her uncle in Florida.

Thematically, they explore the same ground.

Which brings us to the multiplex. “Multiplex” [1] is the metaphor I have been using lately to convey the idea that when you walk in to see a movie, there is a virtually unlimited number of movies you can see, sitting right there in your chair.

When Bette and I went to see Gifted yesterday, I already knew what “the plot” was.[2] I gifted 6had read the synopsis and seen a preview. But I also knew that sitting there in my chair in the theater, I could see any number of other movies. It occurred to me when we went in that I might be about to see a movie about a “gifted” uncle, who is raising a little mathematically precocious girl in pretty casual circumstances in Florida. I was ready to see that movie and it would have been a really good movie. I might see that movie when I go back to see Gifted again. I could call it The Gifted Uncle.

But the movie I did see is not one I was prepared for at all. I saw The Continent Uncle. Who would have thought it? If you can see the “contain” in continent, you will understand that this particular uncle (Frank Adler, played by Chris Evans) has something he would like to do—a very hurtful thing, it turns out—and all through the movie, he is able to contain himself. And even at the narrative climax, when he does this hurtful thing, it is the least hurtful thing that will redeem the situation, and therefore the most gracious action available to him.  Frank is a really good guy.

Frank Adler has a document in his possession. He is the only one who knows he has it. It will be devastating to his mother (Evelyn Adler, played by Lindsay Duncan) and he has, all along, refused to hurt her in that way. Audiences are not told about this document and we have no idea there is one or what it could mean, but in fact, Frank Adler’s refusal to let out even the tiniest hint of what he has in his possession, is the most powerful theme of the movie, The Continent Uncle. (It is not the major these of the movie, Gifted, or the movie, The Gifted Uncle, which is the one I thought I was going to see.)

It is awkward, I grant you, to say that the most meaningful part of the movie is watching the main character not doing somethinmultiplex 7g. But if the climax of the movie is Frank’s slamming the document down on the desk in front of his unbelieving mother, then his doing nothing about that document all through the movie is enormously meaningful. You just don’t realize it at the time.

Now it may be, I confess, that I am a sucker for this kind of theme. I saw the same thing in The Intern where Ben Whitaker (Robert DeNiro) withholds from us, the audience, and from every character he runs across in the movie, a vital fact about his life. And when you find out what that fact is, what you want to do is to go back through the movie paying particular attention to the times when he could have revealed this fact and did not. We don’t see him strain under the effort of “not saying,” just as we don’t see Frank Adler straining under the effort of “not revealing” the document.

But when you think about it, all those moments of “not doing” become very significant, so far as understanding that plot is concerned, and very powerful emotionally. At least, they did for me.

My way of exploiting the multiplex (see Welcome to the Multiplex, April 6, 2017) is as follows:

  • to get some clarity on the story I saw; then
  • to pick the climax, the defining moment of that narrative; then
  • to reflect on the events necessary to that theme, whether I was aware of them at the time or not; and finally
  • to follow that narrative from the climax to the end.

It was when Frank Adler tossed the document on the desk and we got to see the title that I understood that this movie is not the one I was prepared to see and not the one, either, that the previews had hinted at. From that climax, I worked backward to see what was meaningful in that light of the narrative defined by that climax, and forward to see the conclusion of the story defined by that climax.

gifted 3I have no way of knowing, of course, what movie you will see when you go to see Gifted. You may want to go back and see Good Will Hunting again. I did.  You may attach the principal meaning to the mother and the relationships she has had with her husband, her son (Frank) and her daughter, Mary’s mother. This particular movie is about her relationship with her granddaughter, but Evelyn is a “one interest at at time” sort of person. “Very English,” says her continent son Frank, and there is no reason you can’t just give yourself permission to see the story that stars her and her aspirations, if that is the one you want to see.

Or, if you prefer, you can see the story with the next door neighbor, Roberta Taylor (played by Octavia Spencer). She is a wonderful friend to Frank and a truly exceptional teacher for Mary and she never has, so far as the movie shows us, a single concern for herself. She is entirely invested in the lives of others and that would make a pretty good movie too, if that is the one you would like to see.

Do see Gifted, though. And while you are there, any of those other movies that takes your fancy or that takes over your whole experience.

[1] It just means “many-fold,” (not manifold). It ought properly to be an adjective in most cases.
[2] And virtually none of the plot is going to be revealed in this essay, so you can read it with a clear conscience if you are a “spoiler alert” sort of person. I am not.

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Thinking about Chinese dominance

I grew up at a very favored time in the U. S. We had fought and won a war against “the Axis powers.” We had a nuclear monopoly in the world. We were the last undamaged economy in the world and we rampaged through the world’s other economies, bringing order (based on U. S. interests) and predictability (based on commitments we could enforce) everywhere we went.

It was a very good time. [1]

solar 6It is gone and it is not coming back. Politicians can promise that they will “fight for us,” and as long as we are feeling powerless to control our own economic destiny, that promise will be powerful. They are empty promises. We can no longer control our economic destiny and that is probably a good thing, however uncomfortable it makes us feel.

I want to reflect today on a New York Times article that is, in the narrow sense, “about” China’s domination of the solar panel market. Just a little more broadly, I would say it is really about economic nationalism, a “perversion of the market,” in which the state intervenes to shape the market in support of national goals. And finally, just a little more broadly than that, I would like to look at realistic American goals in a world economy in which China is the dominant power. [2]

Here are some reflections by Keith Bradsher’s Times article.

President Trump, who pressed President Xi Jinping of China on trade and other issues this week when they met at Mar-a-Lago in Palm Beach, Fla., has vowed to end what he calls China’s unfair business practices.

When I referred to politicians “promising to fight for us,” it is actions like this I had in mind, although Hillary’s rhetoric used the same emotional promises. What are we going to do, exactly, about “China’s unfair business practices?” There are no global economic institutions that can constrain China. Arguments made from classic market theories will not cause them to choose a lesser role than their resources could earn them. We are the coach yelling for a charging foul because we have found no way to keep the driver from free access to the basket.

solar 1Consider what China has already done with solar panels. “China is now home,” Bradsher says, “to two thirds of the world’s solar production capacity.” That gets them a place at the table, wouldn’t you think? And, Bradsher continues, “because China also buys half of the world’s new solar panels, it now effectively controls the market.” I would think that would give them most of the other places at the table as well.

What does that mean for us? The Times piece chooses Russell Abney, of Perrysburg, Ohio as the poster boy for these effects. The Chinese government cut its subsidies to domestic buyers of solar panels; the manufactures cut their prices to compensate, and Mr. Abney is out of a job.

… Mr. Abney and about 450 other employees suddenly found themselves out of work. “Within just a few months, it all came crashing down,” Mr. Abney said. “It’s like a death in the family. People feel awkward talking about it.”

In Perrysburg, Mr. Abney lost his job at First Solar, the largest solar-panel manufacturer based in the United States, and looked in vain for a job in the auto industry in the Toledo area. He ended up taking a job three weeks ago at a building materials company in Lancaster, Pa.

That is a huge effect for a small market adjustment in China to have and it wasn’t just in the U. S. There were jobs lost in Germany as well. I think we have lost our sensitivity to this kind of effect because we have been more often the actor than the patient. [3] We are accustomed, in other words, to looking at a specific business decision we made—like China’s decision to cut subsidies to customers—and justifying it by the outcomes for us. We are looking now at that same decision being made by someone else, with unpredictable consequences for us, and no way to square it with our traditional notions of national autonomy.

The case for Chinese capacity in the new global market gets a great deal more extensive and I want to at least bow in that direction, but in dealing just with solar panels, I have laid the foundation for some questions about domestic politics in America.

The nationalists—whether progressive or conservative—are going to make their pitch to solar 2voters on the basis of what we will have to do to “govern ourselves once more” or to “take control of our own destiny” or even “to return America to the leadership we once had.” I haven’t even begun to cover the slogans, and in my list, I restricted myself to only positive images. If you include avoiding negative outcomes—like “Better Red than Dead”—you can make a much bigger list.

The globalists—whether progressive or conservative—are going to say that the world is a certain way and that pretending it is not is only prolonging a fantasy. We can be very successful niche players, these globalists will say, and make a lot of money and continue our tradition as an independent nation.  Or we can waste a lot of money trying to pretend that we dominate the economic and political systems the way we did after World War II—and fail anyway.

solar 3The nationalists will call the globalists, “defeatist.” The globalists will call the nationalists “delusional.” What I want to know is what the voters will call these two “parties.”

In Robert Reich’s excellent book Aftershock, he imagines that Margaret Jones wins the presidency in the 2020 election. [4] Here are a few elements of her platform:

  • increased tariffs on all imports
  • a ban on American companies moving their operations to another country or outsourcing abroad
  • a prohibition on foreign “sovereign wealth funds” investing in the United States.

America will:

  • withdraw from the United Nations, the World Trade Organization, the World Bank, and the International Monetary Fund.
  • end all “involvements” on foreign countries
  • refuse to pay any more interest on our debt to China, essentially defaulting on it, and,
  • stop trading with China unless China freely floats its currency.

Or, as President-elect Jones says as she hits the climax of her acceptance speech, “A nation of good jobs and good wages for anyone willing to work hard! Our nation! America for Americans!” (Thunderous applause).

President-elect Jones’s speech came to mind as I reviewed the coming conflict between the nationalists—like Margaret Jones and Donald Trump—and the globalists, like George H. W. Bush, Bill Clinton, George W. Bush, and Barack Obama. If the average per capita income in the United States continues to decline for middle class families, it is hard to see a globalist getting elected.  In the chart below, look at the trend lines below $50,000,

One more point about China.

But economists and business groups warn that China’s industrial ambitions have entered a new, far-reaching phase. With its deep government pockets, growing technical sophistication and a comprehensive plan to free itself from dependence on foreign companies, China aims to become dominant in industries of the future like renewable energy, big data and self-driving cars.

Solar panels are, in other words, China’s off-Broadway production. They have a model—I called it “economic nationalism” earlier—and the resources to put that model into operation in ways that far outstrip Japan’s efforts in the 1990s. With that much money and that much power and that many customers and that many producers, what global industry could they not dominate if they chose to?

solar 5If this is the wave of the future, economically, how can the American voters prepare to vote their own economic self-interest in national elections? How can they learn to respond to the globalist message when there is no hope in it for them and no way back to American global dominance?

Can these Americans learn to prefer actual prosperity based on being a part of a well-functioning global system, to promises of a return to former glory? We didn’t in 2016. Maybe we will have another chance in 2020.

[1] And I’m not even considering the post-war social conservatism which was very favorable to men. I didn’t know at the time that I was living in a little androcentric bubble; I thought that’s just how things had always been.
[2] In choosing that focus, I am not saying that China now is that dominant power, but China is following the 1990s path used so successfully by Japan, except they are bringing a huge population and huge resource base to the project. If they can continue to buy off their internal dissenters, I don’t see what stands in their way. Certainly, it is not us.
[3[ I know that “patient” looks odd there, but I wanted to imply passivity and also to imply suffering and both of those words derive from a Latin verb meaning “to suffer.” So I am granting myself a little poetic license.
[4] The subtitle of Reich’s book is “The next economy and America’s future.” See page 79 for the platform of the “Independence Party.” Reich’s vision is so compelling that I forgive him for predicting it four years too late. In this fantasy, Jones defeats the Republican candidate, George P. Bush and the Democratic candidate Chelsea Clinton.

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North Carolina. First and Last in Flight

I was an early fan of the saying, “A Mind is a Terrible Thing to Waste.” When I was young, my mother thought that I mostly wasted mine and I wouldn’t want to argue that she was wrong.

On the other hand, there are times when a very broad range of association is a comforting thing to have. Like yesterday, for instance.

A part of what mother called “daydreaming” was my mind’s response to the associationsNC 2 one thing evokes which attached it to another. Of course, associations—plausible but mistaken associations—are the root of a great deal of humor. Advertising for mattresses, for instance, is full of references that could be taken to refer to the mattress or to what one might enjoy doing on the mattress. They count on you to associate the one meaning with the other and nearly everyone does.

That’s what I mean by “association,” but I associate things that aren’t really that close. “I have,” as Tom Lehrer says, “a modest example here.” It has to do with North Carolina. [1]

North Carolinians are called Tar Heels in the same way that Kansans are called Jayhawks. Tar was an early product of the colony of North Carolina and later the state of North Carolina. “Tar Heel” was probably a slur, originally, along the line of “Redneck.” But Tar Heels came to be a treasured term of self-definition when it got associated with the firmness with which North Carolina militia stood their ground.

NC 1I have seen that story set in Revolutionary War times and in Civil War times, but either setting presupposes the line of soldiers with muskets or rifles standing in the way of an attacking army and refusing to retreat. “They stood there,” ran one account I saw, “like they had tar on their heels.” The Tar Heels had the courage to “stand their ground,” a term that makes perfect sense on the battlefield. [2]

North Carolina is also known for the first trials of motor-driven flight by Orville and Wilbur Wright, as pictured above. [3] The first flights took place at Kitty Hawk, North Carolina and when the state legislature put the slogan “First in Flight” on the license plates, it is that event they are commemorating.

But now we come back to the “range of association” problem. I was walking_Image.jpg down the street yesterday when I passed a car with a North Carolina plate. It said, like this one, “First in Flight.” At that point, my mind handed me a meaning of Tar Heel I had never had before. Thank you, mind. It pointed out to me that “Tar Heel” means “Last in Flight.” That’s a very good thing if you are talking about the behavior of soldiers in battle. So I started smiling and have hardly stopped. When I was still chuckling about it this morning, I thought I would share it.

North Carolina: First and Last in Flight.

[1] And this has nothing at all to do with their having defeated my beloved Ducks in the Final Four this year.
[2] And none at all on your front porch.
[3] Again, nothing against North Carolina but Orville and Wilber were from my home town (Dayton, Ohio) and I don’t think I’m ready to give them up.

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James the Presbyter at Princeton

I have been paying a good deal of attention to the recent goings-on at Princeton Theological Seminary for one reason or another. The issues themselves are small potatoes, it seems to me; in comparison to the reasons people have given for their responses to those issues. The event itself will come and go; I fear that some of these justifications will remain to trouble us for generations.

What’s going on at Princeton?

Here’s the short version. One of the centers resident at Princeton [1] offered an invitation to a popular conservative pastor to receive an award and give a lecture on a topic completely appropriate to the seminary. The standard procedure is for any constituent part of the Seminary to ask the Seminary to issue an invitation on their behalf. The Seminary is therefore the inviter of record, even the it is not the source of the invitation.

identity theology 1No one questions the speaker’s qualifications to speak on the assigned topic, but he is a member of an organization (the Presbyterian Church of America) which is more conservative than the Presbyterian Church USA, the home denomination of Princeton Seminary and the PCA is a great deal more conservative than the faculty and students at the Seminary itself.

The speaker’s membership in this denomination is being treated as if it were equivalent to membership in the Nazi Party or in the Ku Klux Klan. And treating him in this way is being justified by people from whom I have come to expect better behavior. These are not just people at Princeton. The blogosphere is alive with fingers being pointed and “sadness” being expressed.

James the Presbyter

There is another way to approach this whole matter, needless to say. I’m not done complaining yet about the approaches I have described, but I would like to describe a better way before I finish up with my complaining. You can read about this in Acts 15. James, whom I am calling “the Presbyter,” on no better grounds than that he was a old man, finishes all the deliberations. Here is the passage I have in mind.

Acts 15: 13 When they had finished it was James who spoke. ‘My brothers,’ he said, ‘listen to me. 14 Simeon has described how God first arranged to enlist a people for his name out of the gentiles. 15 This is entirely in harmony with the words of the prophets, since the scriptures say: 16 After that I shall return and rebuild the fallen hut of David; I shall make good the gaps in it and restore it. 17 Then the rest of humanity, and of all the nations once called mine, will look for the Lord, says the Lord who made this 18 known so long ago. * 19 ‘My verdict is, then, that instead of making things more difficult for gentiles who turn to God, 20 we should send them a letter telling them merely to abstain from anything polluted by idols, from illicit marriages, from the meat of strangled animals and from blood.

I want to focus on verse 19. “Instead,” James says, “of making things more difficult for the gentiles [those gentiles who are turning to God], we should…”

The simplicity of this approach is amazing. We have begun to preach the gospel. Welidentity theology 3l beyond our initial expectations, many gentiles have responded positively. We could treat their interest as an occasion for “harassing them” [2]. We could see how sincere they are by putting obstacles in their way. We could cast aspersions on some other aspect of their way of life or their associations. But wait, James says, let’s not do that. They are turning to God. Let’s refuse to throw obstacles in their way.

Identity Politics and Identity Theology

I said that approach was simple. Of course, I didn’t say it was easy. It is not easy, particularly today, because to get to that simple starting place, you have to walk past a lot of other more attractive starting places. Many of these can be grouped together in an approach that Case Thorp, of Orlando, Florida, calls “identity theology.” He means that as an adaptation of the expression “identity politics,” so perhaps we should stop and take a look at that first.

If you think of national politics as the pursuit of the institutions and policies that will best govern the nation, identity politics is the polar opposite. Identity politics does not take “the national interest” as the goal, even for rhetorical purposes; “the goal” is the prominence of my group and its interests. “We,” in identity politics, always means “we Presbyterians” or “we feminists” or “we Evangelicals” or “we, the makers.” [3]

People who point to “identity politics” with alarm say that the pursuit of a separate self-enhancing goal by each group virtually precludes the common pursuit of our common interest. But, in fact, no common victory will achieve the goal of clarifying just who “we” are and how much better “we are” than “them;” a divisive, self-enhancing goal will always better for that.

By referring to “identity theology,” Rev. Thorp means to say that this kind of “it’s all about me” theology has the same effects on the church that “identity politics” has on the political system and in that I am sure he is right.

Christianity and…

identity theology 2The expression “identity theology” is new to me, but it is an idea I have seen in practice for a long time. Sometimes, when I get sloppy, I see it in my own practice so I am not pointing fingers as a mere spectator might. I ran across this idea first in C. S. Lewis’s The Screwtape Letters, the premise of which is that Screwtape, a very senior devil, is giving advice to his pupil, Wormwood, about how to damn human souls. [4] This passage is from Letter 25.

The real trouble about the set your patient is living in is that it is merely Christian. They all have individual interests, of course, but the bond remains mere Christianity. What we want, if men become Christians at all, is to keep them in the state of mind I call ‘Christianity And’. You know—Christianity and the Crisis, Christianity and the New Psychology, Christianity and the New Order, Christianity and Faith Healing, Christianity and Psychical Research, Christianity and Vegetarianism, Christianity and Spelling Reform. If they must be Christians let them at least be Christians with a difference.

In “identity theology,” the difference in “Christians with a difference” has taken over.  That is why people who think of Christianity as an aid to personal piety or to sexual chastity or to richer romances or to liberating the toiling masses, are thinking of their faith as a tool. It is not “our commitment to a common tool” that has ever bound us together or that could ever bind us together.

With that in mind, I want to return to the perspective of the apostle James in Acts 15. James, I now see, is confronted with several varieties [5] of “Christianity and…” James’s ruling is aimed at koinonía—at “common-ness”—so setting the new gentile converts off from any obligation to their Hebrew brothers in Christ is not going to work. It is not “common.”  It is just Christianity and the Gentile Mission. Similarly, James is not going to allow Christianity and the Renewal of Judaism because it puts obstacles into the path of the new gentile brothers in Christ, so it, too, in not “common.”

identity theology 4

I am quite sure, although Luke doesn’t give us this, that James was tarred with “being insensitive to the glorious history of salvation through Torah.” The people doing the tarring were completely committed to what they were already doing and all they wanted was a chance to snipe at the people who had other commitments. I am sure James was tarred with being “oblivious to the rich harvest among the gentiles” by people who didn’t care all that much for the Torah and even less for the Temple.

There are, at Princeton, many issues at play and many factions are playing them. Every one of these—with a single exception—can be characterized, as I see it, as some form of “Christianity and…” [6] It is an elevation of my own private piece of the action to the central place, the place where “our action” and “God’s action.” should be. There is room for a great “commonness” at the center if, and only if, we agree not to harass those who are coming in good faith to participate in the event. This is not a proposal that child sacrifice be reinstituted. This is a question of who should be kept from the discussion on the basis of organizational memberships.

To each of these factions, James’s response is this. “We see what God is doing. He is inviting gentiles to join us. Let us not get caught sabotaging an action God is taking.” And if I could add a small but snarky codicil to James’s letter, this is what it would be. “I see that you are unhappy that my decision is “merely this” or “merely that.” I’ve got an idea. Let’s send them a letter that says that the cautions we want them to observe in honor of their Christian brothers are “merely these” and not any more.

[1] By Princeton I will be referring only to the Seminary, not to the University.
[2] The verb here is parenokleo, which may fairly be rendered “to harass.”
[3] I like that last one particularly because it distinguishes us from “them, the takers.”
[4] This means that one must always read Screwtape “upside down,” in a sense, inverting what is “good” and “bad.” I never had that much trouble with it, but the book appeared in serialized form in newspapers in England in the 1940’s and one man, thinking it was an advice column, wrote in to complain that the advice was so bad that it was virtually diabolical. He used that word: “diabolical.”
[5] Luke’s account actually gives us several varieties. We know there were more.
[6] The exception, lest I forget to be pellucidly clear, is the Seminary’s proposal that we refuse to harass those who are coming as guests and by invitation.

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Welcome to the multiplex

Have I got a deal for you. You buy your ticket to a “theater” showing…oh…half a dozen movies. This ticket will get you into the multiplex theater anytime you want as many times as you want, and when you are there, you can see as many of the movies as you would like.

multiplex 1Some years ago, I read a fascinating review of Chariots of Fire by Ted Mahar, who reviewed movies for The Oregonian at the time. “You’re really going to like this movie,” he said, as I recall it. “You’re going to to talk to your friends and they are going to ask you what the movie was about. And at that moment, you are going to begin to struggle. What was it about, really?  You know you liked it, but what was it about?”

The operating principal of the multiplex I described above is that a movie can be “about” any number of things. It doesn’t have to be about what the director says it is about, although the director’s intentions are always worth knowing.  It doesn’t have to be about what the scriptwriter thought it was about.  You just declare the focus of your concern—you might want to give each of these movies a different name—and construct the events so that they introduce, explore, are constrained by, and draw conclusions about, whatever you said the theme was. [1]

I got to thinking of this recently when I saw The Shirley MacLaine extravaganza, The multiplex 4Last Word. Embedded in the story of Harriet Lawler, a wealthy and talented bully, who lacks only a compassionately written obituary to support her declaration that her life a success, is the inspiring story of Anne Sherman, the girl she picks on to write the obituary.

How to do that?  It’s not that hard.

First, I declare the movie I am interested in to be “that movie about the obituary writer who was about half dead herself.” I watch The Last Word for the purpose of “seeing” this movie—not the other one. For ease of reference, I might think of something to call it. How about Life for the Taking? Does that work?  OK, the movie about the obit writer is now Life for the Taking.

Second, I pick the climax of that story, wherever it occurs and I ask what necessarily preceded it and what does, in fact, follow from it. In the case of my movie, Life for the Taking, the obvious climax is the scene in which Anne Sherman, the obituary writer, hands in her resignation, announcing, “This is not a letter of resignation; this is an obituary.”  How did she get there?  What happens next?

Third, from the pool of available events, I select the events that led Anne to want to do such a thing and to be able to actually accomplish it. This will involve reflecting on her relationship with her father, on getting a really good boyfriend, on her experience of digging through the havoc of Harriet Lawler’s life and in watching Harriet get away with really amazing things.  None of that requires the extensive background they give us to help us watch The Last Word.

multiplex 3Fourth, I survey the characters who are now “minor characters” in this movie, Life for the Taking. That would include MacLaine, who is the major character in The Last Word. In this new movie, MacLaine is important only as she bears on the odyssey of Anne Sherman.  In what way did each of these characters contribute to the main theme? What depth did they add? What tension? How did each help define this plot?  Here are two of the main characters of one of the movies you can see in Lone Star.

If I go into the multiplex to see movies defined by who is the major character and who the minor characters, I can see—for the same price—as many movies as there are interesting characters. But sometimes, it isn’t the character that catches me.

If I declare a movie to be essentially an allegory, then the work of showing how this part of the movie is intended to point to that part of the story that is not shown. It isn’t character development; it is just point for point illustrations. Or if the director, as in the case of Pleasantville’s Gary Ross, says he intends an allegory, then following it out can be as interesting as if you made the decision yourself.. [2]

One of my favorite all time movies is Lone Star. It isn’t only because there are so many ways to rearrange the plot, but it does, in fact lend itself to that. You can see a very tight Army major drive his career and drive his family because he refuses to reconcile himself with his father who runs the most popular bar for servicemen in town. You can see the border town struggle to stay “American” (Anglo) when 80% of the population is “Mexican”—American citizens who prefer their traditional culture. You can see the sheriff fighting—and eventually winning—to escape the hallowed status of his father, the previous sheriff. You can see, as above, the sheriff and his lady love who do not yet know an awful secret about their relationship.  Buy the ticket and enter the multiplex. See whatever movie you like.

And if you have interests that are…oh…underrepresented in the movies, so much the better. I have an abiding interest in Christian theology, for instance. So I can make a detailed analysis of the kenosis passage in Philippians 2 (“he emptied himself, taking the form of a servant”) out of the Muppets version of The Frog Prince. I’ve already done that. The key line is, “But now I’m Sir Robin the Frog.”  The little frog is Sir Robin; Kermit is the big frog.

The contrast between “the life of this world” and “the life of the ages” which the gospel ofmultiplex 2 John maintains, is beautifully illustrated in The Matrix. When Neo, who is thought to be “the One,” is reunited with his body, which has spent all his previous years immersed in a tub of goo, he wonders, “Why do my eyes hurt?” Morpheus has to tell him, “Because you’ve never used them before.”

Steven Spielberg seems to specialize in these intriguing crossover movies and I’m not the only one to have noticed that. Very likely I am, on the other hand, the only one who regularly uses an account given by an Indian janitor named Gupta in The Terminal, as a superb illustration of what we can and cannot know about the preaching of the early church. Gupta gives the heart of the scene we just have just seen—10 to 15 minutes of carefully drawn action—in 52 words and doesn’t miss a single major theme.

Enough examples. The metaphor I am exploring today is the analytical multiplex. You go to see a movie and have access, within that movie, to all the other movies you can see just by changing foreground and background and redesigning the important lines of cause and effect.

If you are going to try it, try it with The Last Word.  It is so easy to do there.
[1] It works just as well for children’s books, by the way. I have told Russell Hoban’s wonderful Frances the Badger stories at the rate of about half a dozen “themes” per story. Ask me what Best Friends for Frances is about.
[2] Ross says he intends Pleasantville to be the Garden of Eden. Interestingly, there is no God in the Garden of Eden. It seems like an odd omission.

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