Recharge your battery!

There is a new ad by a product called 5 Hour Energy that I found really appealing—until I had a chance to think about it. [1] Then I found it appalling. Today I’d like to write about the appalling part.  I’m thinking along the lines of: “The understimulated life is not worth living.”  Something like that.

The idea is that over the course of the day, your “battery,” your sense that you have enough “power” to do all the things you have to do, runs down. In the picture below, you see people wandering around with just so much juice left in the battery.
The guy at the left with the tie and the beard has 46% left. The woman to his left, with the red blouse and the glasses, has 79%. I have stopped imagining that anything in these pictures is left to chance, so I pause to note that the blonde with long hair at the right of the picture has only 27%. The men in the middle have 19% and 12% respectively.

Screen Shot 2017-12-13 at 7.22.22 AM.png

There is no way to tell what time it is [2] but there is nothing in this picture or in the voiceover that goes with it to suggest that the alertness of any of these people would be improved by a good night’s sleep. Anyone with a good video management program could make this picture suggest that it is the end of the work day and everyone is, understandably, tired and hoping for some rest. That’s not what we have here. This is all times on all days and rest is not an option to be considered. Stimulants, now called “energy” are what is needed. Apparently.

5 hour 6This is a very large change is how we have understood what we need to have to do our work during our workday. There was once the very general sense that you needed to do what was necessary to get a good night’s sleep because that was the foundation of a good day’s work.  Consider Point 4 in this chart.  From a commercial standpoint, that is a terrible plan because it provides no chance at all to sell energy drinks. [3] Nothing in this picture cues the reflection, “I’m really dragging today. I need to be sure to get a good night’s sleep tonight so I am more alert tomorrow.”

One of the fundamental falsities of this metaphor is that it imagines that you “have” 5 hour 2and battery and that “it” needs to be charged up so that “you” will feel energetic. In fact, you ARE the battery and the recharger—both, simultaneously—and if you were really determined to stay with the metaphor, all you need to do is to make sure the battery charger part of you is still connected to the house current. The only way I know to do that is to sleep adequately and to eat well and to exercise wisely. You, the battery recharger, will work just fine if you do that and you, the battery, will have all the portable energy you need.

Unfortunately, that is a lifestyle fix. Nobody wants to change a favored lifestyle, particularly when the culture generally and the advertising world particularly are busy praising you for being stressed out. It’s a badge of honor that you wear yourself out and have no time for anything but work. Fortunately, we have a product for you. [4]

Destructive Metaphor

I have pointed to a few uses of this metaphor that seem to me to point in the wrong direction. But there are also some things in the metaphor itself that trouble me. One is that you might be feeling draggy for any number of reasons. Your blood pressure might be low. Your blood sugar might be low. An extended period of stress may have left you without any energy at all. All those causes are common and all have solutions that are appropriate to them. The battery metaphor lumps them all into one sensation and offers one solution. It tells you that “your battery is low” and precludes those other questions.

This is like having a doctor who is all about treatment and who has no interest at all in diagnosis. The battery metaphor simply obliterates the diagnostic phase and proceeds directly to treatment. And there is only one treatment.

I know this lament isn’t going to do any good. Ads mutate like viruses. The “low battery” gambit is just the latest one. If there are long term costs to using products like 5 Hour Energy (and that seems likely to me) [5] there will be a backlash of sorts against those products or those ways of selling products and then the ads will mutate to the next form, whatever that will be. I’m just glad to have had the chance to think my way through this one. I will be as surprised by the next one as everyone else.

On the other hand, if I could sleep like this [6] I don’t think I could possibly have an energy problem.

[1] I can’t find a way to hyperlink it, so I encourage you to do what I did. Go to YouTube and search for [5 hour energy ad] and from the list, choose “Get back to 100% with 5 Hour Energy.”
[2] Which is certainly a good idea if you are trying to link the need for a boost with a feeling you have, rather that with any more general matters, like what time of day it is.
[3] It does sell mattresses and sleeping pills, but that work is already done and there are still products to sell.
[4] You can hire people to do what you no longer have the time to do including changing your oil and preparing your family’s dinner, just as you can “get by” on too little sleep by abusing stimulants. Who needs a lifestyle change?
[5] It is currently of no interest to the Food and Drug Administration because it is 5 hour 3neither a food nor a drug. It is a “food supplement” and they don’t study the effects of those until they start making people sick.

[6]  Just an excuse, really, to put this great puppy picture in.

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Wise Men. Not too smart though.

I am going to write today about the geopolitical savvy of the Wise Men.[1] They were academics who studied the stars and when they saw one that portended a new king of the Jews, they knew immediately where to go. That’s in Matthew’s account. [2] That’s where the subject of this essay comes from. The title comes from The Matrix, where the Oracle knows all about how much Trinity (Carrie-Anne Moss) likes Neo (Keanu Reeves). [3] The scene goes like this:  Actually, all the stuff I care about happens in the first minute of this clip.

The Oracle says to Neo, “You’re cuter than I thought. I can see why she likes you…” Neo has no idea what she is talking about. “Who?” he says. And the Oracle continues as if she had not paused for his question “…not too bright though.”

It’s the flavor of that answer that I want you to hear in the title. They are wise, of course, but not that smart.

Wise

No one actually knows where the Wise Men were from. There was a lot of astrology being studied in Persia, so that wouldn’t be a bad guess. It’s a long way from Teheran, just to pick a city in Persia (present day Iran) to Jerusalem (just to pick a city in Israel.) [4] Herod, the king of the Jews, lived in the capital city of the Roman province of Judea, and the Wise Men, being well informed, knew that already.

That brings us to all the pictures and all the songs about the Wise Men “following the star.” OK, you tell me. Why, exactly, do you need a star to guide you to Jerusalem. We live here. Herod lives there. Let’s go and tell him the news.

And Matthew doesn’t say the Wise Men followed “a star” as an orienting device.wise men 1 They said “We saw his star as it rose…” To get what that means, you have to give up the regular rotation of heavenly bodies. They were not saying, “We saw Venus come up again and we were so excited.” They are sawing, “A new star—a never before seen star—appeared in the heavens.” And they are saying. “We know from where and when it appeared, just what it means. It means there is a new king, an heir apparent.”  Here is the traditional “following the star through the desert” picture.  What a waste.

So this appearance was a one-time event. We saw it. We understood it. We set up our caravan and headed out for Jerusalem. I call them wise because they saw the star and knew what it meant and also because they knew that the King of Judea would be in Jerusalem.

Not too smart though

Now we come to their arriving at the scene expecting Herod to be ecstatic that he is going to be replaced. Let’s imagine a modern corporate setting in which the boss brings in a young person and introduces him or her to the current occupant of the office as “your replacement.” How would we imagine the current occupant might respond?

And Herod had sons all lined up to take the kingship. [5] So these academics from the East might have done a little homework on their way to Jerusalem. Herod is a violent despot inclined to kill family members. What shall we tell him?

W. H. Auden has captured this very nicely in his poem, For the Time Being. Auden gives Herod a little speech in which he refers to the coming of the Wise Men:

Today, apparently, judging by the trio who came to see me this morning with an ecstatic grin on their scholarly faces, the job has been done. “God has been born,” they cried, “we have seen him ourselves. The World is saved. Nothing else matters.”

One needn’t be much of a psychologist to realize that if this rumor is not stamped out now in a few years it is capable of diseasing .the whole Empire, and one doesn’t have to be a prophet to predict the consequences if it should.

The star and the dream

Joseph's House.pngNot to knock the Wise Men too much. The star did reappear to them in Jerusalem and it guided them the remaining five miles to Bethlehem. Not only that, the star “stopped” and it “stood over” the house where Joseph and Mary and their little toddler, Jesus, were living. [6] It’s difficult for us moderns to understand just what itmeans for a star to stand “over” a house. My son, Doug, has another idea. He thinks the Wise Men just went to the house with the Christmas lights on.  Right there on your left, on Main Street.

 

The Wise Men, in any case did follow the star as they should have and they did stop at the right house as they should have. Not only that, but they heeded the warning the received in a dream that they should not return to Herod as he has asked. We know why Herod wanted them to return to him; he wanted them to rat out the little boy that the star represented. On the other hand, there is no telling what a violent and despotic king like Herod might have done to the Wise Men. So on grounds of prudence as well as obedience to the warning in the dream, they avoided Jerusalem and went home by an alternative route.

So I’ve always like the Wise Men. I like it that they were academics. I like it that they were observant and smart. I don’t hold it against them because they were not also street smart. My wife’s favorite academic is observant and scholarly but, occasionally, not too smart.

1] I’ll keep the capital letters in Wise Men so that you will always know I am talking about the academics who saw the star and headed off to Jerusalem, which was the capital of Judea.
[2] I study Matthew’s story in the odd-numbered years.
[3] You don’t actually have to be an oracle to know that.
[4] About 1300 miles along Route 1. Of course, we don’t know what route the Wise Men (and the whole traveling group that went with them to serve their travel needs and to guard all that gold, frankincense, and myrrh) really took.
[5] It didn’t work. Caesar demoted them all to the position of Tetrarch and gave them only a part of their father’s kingdom each.
[6] So Jesus was born at their house in Bethlehem at the same time the Wise Men saw the star. I think that’s the way the astrology worked. The physical appearance of the heavenly body was a manifestation of the physical appearance of the person who was represented by the star. So, astrologically speaking, Jesus and the star were “born” at the same time and the Wise Men saw the star “at its rising,” i.e. just as it came onto the scene.  So he would have been as old as all that travel plus all the time the Wise Men spent in Jerusalem.  Probably two or three.

 

 

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My first victory lap

The first day of my first victory lap is December 17, 2017. That will be the day after I turn 80. I can hardly wait.

What is a “victory lap?”

It’s an old story, well known by my family. Not very well accepted as a metaphor, but I am hoping for progress along that front any day now. Once upon a time, the family lived on “new faculty circle” in New Wilmington, Pennsylvania. This was inexpensive housing that Westminster College provided to new faculty for their first few years in town. It was roughly half a mile around the circle.

I was at a place in my running project in 1977 when I needed every extra mile or victory lap 1fraction thereof I could manage. I was supposed to run 1776 miles between the 4th of July in 1976 and the 4th of July in 1977. This was to be the kind of thing joggers did to commemorate 1776, the year the Declaration of Independence was signed. I had fallen behind during the winter and I was taking long runs several times a week and no matter how long the run was, I added that little half mile around new faculty circle—just to get the extra milage. And so I wouldn’t be thinking of them as just more running, I called them “victory laps.”  This is Brittain Lake.  The western part of the victory lap passed just uphill from the edge of this picture.  And the picture below–that’s me in 1977 finishing the 1776th mile–is on the far side of the lake.

The victory lap as a metaphor

I got to thinking metaphorically about the victory lap because I noticed that the victory lap felt different, even though it really shouldn’t. I may very well have run the last five miles or so—one of my standard runs was 19 miles—in some discomfort. I had cramping problems at one time or another and blisters and dehydration and whole litany of runners’ complaints. But I noticed that when I was in the victory lap phase, those went away. Not worth paying attention to anymore? Distracted by reflections about how I had run that distance that day? Runners’ high? I never really knew, but I really did appreciate it that all those symptoms were muted once I passed the front door and started around the loop.

Then I got to thinking that with just a few liberties taken here and there, you could divide my life into four laps, like a mile race. Every lap was 20 years long. So I grew up in the first 20. In 1957, I was a sophomore in college and had no idea at all what I was doing. By the end of the second lap, in 1977, I had gained a Ph. D. and three wonderful kids and had lost my marriage to their mother. And I had remarried and gone back to teaching and acquired four stepdaughters. By the end of the third lap, in 1997, I had finished a career doing public policy for the State of Oregon. During this last lap, the one that ends next week, I have lost a wife (cancer) and remarried (again) and picked up two more stepchildren and had a post-career career as an adjunct professor and retired again and sold my house and moved with my new wife (almost 12 years now) into a very good retirement community. And that brings me to my 80th birthday on December 16 and the beginning of my first victory lap on December 17.

Now what?

I was really appreciative of the physical relief I got on the actual victory laps—the ones in the 1970s. I was intrigued by the autobiographical mapping I managed with the aid of the mile run (1500 meters if you really must). The four laps of the race could be seen as marking off the four prominent segments of my life. But now, I am actually going to BE 80 and the “race” is over and I am looking forward to the reflections on that day’s run and the easing of the physical side effects of that day’s run. All of which are perfectly clear to me—in retrospect.

But now we are talking about imagining them in prospect. On Sunday, December 17, I am going to have to start thinking experientially about my first victory lap. What will it be like? What do I want it to be like? Does it matter how many such “laps” I expect to finish?

Well…NO to the last question. I don’t care how many there are. There will be as many as there will be. It is the quality of the laps that has always mattered. What if, for instance, instead of not paying attention to my blister (until I get home and can put disinfectant and a bandage on it), I decided to not pay attention to some grievance or other that I have been carrying along with me. Not all the grievances. Maybe just one. Maybe one every lap. Would that work? By age 90—imagining for the moment that I get to age 90—I would have decommissioned ten grievances that I would otherwise have been carrying around. That sounds like a victory to me.

I remember running that last half mile and thinking over whether I had run the way I should have. It wasn’t inquisitorial. I was already done. It was just a pleasant reflection and maybe sealing in a lesson of so. Don’t push the hill going up to the Cheese Shop so hard; it costs you over the next highway mile and then you don’t cash in on the final downhill the way you could have. That kind of thing. I kind of like the idea of declaring an end to “the run” and calling the running I continue to do, “victory laps.” Maybe I could reflect on our first year here at Holladay Park Plaza, the way I reflected on that long uphill toward the Cheese House, and make some lazy speculative imaginary plans for the next year. Whatever.

Selling the Victory Laps

My kids have never been comfortable with the victory lap idea. Either they can’t believe that I really feel that way or they can’t imagine feeling that way themselves or they can’t imagine me doing anything at the finish line except dropping dead. I experienced the victory laps as wonderful in every way, which is why I have continued to pursue the metaphor. I am hoping that when they see me enjoying the victory laps, as I have every intention of doing, they will begin to relax into the concept and enjoy it along with me.

Let me begin by rejecting the sentiment in this picture.  I think this is what my kids think I really mean.  Maybe it is what they aspire to themselves and can’t imagine that I don’t.  I don’t really have a lot of fatherly responsibilities left and my life with my kids has been defined for many years now as more like dear old friendships than anything more clearly paternal. Still, this is an experience I will be having that they will be having (eventually) as well. So…there’s no point in denying that my experience of it is going to be a major factor in how they think of their own retirement. Might as well do it right.

My kids haven’t made running a part of their lives in the same way I have, so the mile race metaphor might not be the right one. But I think the discipline of using the resources you have during “the race,” whatever that is for them, so they can look back on it with satisfaction, is a really good idea. And living the years after finishing it in a celebrative and thoughtful way sounds like another good idea.

When they were little, I would teach them to do things by doing them myself, then turning it over to them to try. And I’d “coach” a little. “No, no, not so high up on the handle or take more of a backswing or ask yourself a bunch of questions you should know the answers to when you have finished the chapter.” Implicit in all the coaching was that if they would begin by doing it the way I did it, they could adapt it to their own style once they got the hang of it.

That still sounds like a good idea and I will imagine hearing the starting gun go off first thing Sunday morning, December 17, and I will try to lay down a really good victory lap for them in that first year. I won’t be doing it for them. It wouldn’t be a victory lap if I did. But if they can find value in the way I do it, it would make the victory a little sweeter.

 

 

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Assembling a Convidium

Nope. Not a word (yet) so far as I know. I hope to have the better known “colloquium” after all the members of the convidium see the movie clips.

So, for instance, there are two reflections on forgiveness that I value particularly. Inconvidium 4 Invictus, President Mandela (Morgan Freeman) instructs his head of security, Jason Tshabalala in the need for white people in the security detail. “Forgiveness starts here,” says Mandela. In the second one, Pay It Forward, Arlene McKinney (Helen Hunt) comes to the railroad yard where the homeless gather to offer forgiveness to her mother, who lives there. There are more than 40 seconds of wordless images, showing first the mother’s face, then the daughters, as both women realize what has been done.  Here is Angie Dickinson as the mother, talking to the reporter who broke the story.

I would like to show those two clips to my convidium and host a discussion afterwards around what that means to us. I don’t have any aspirations about controlling the colloquium (more about that shortly), but I am going to begin with Christian presuppositions, myself. It is what Christianity teaches about forgiveness that will form the background of the contributions I will make to the discussion.

How that will serve as a conversational initiative will depend on who else is there. That brings me to the question of who else might be there. Well…I live in a retirement community that is full of people who have different attitudes toward Christianity. [1] There are non-Christians here, as well as anti-Christians, and post-Christians. There are atheists and agnostics. There are members of other faiths who would be welcome, but I would imagine would not come. And most challenging of all, there are members of the “spiritual, but not religious” stripe. The Pacific Northwest is the “spiritual but not religious” capital of the U. S. and very likely of the world and they are richly represented here.

So those are the pools I will be drawing from. None of those, I imagine, will react against sitting down with neighbors and watching a video clip or two (the convidium part). But as we move to the discussion (the colloquium part), everyone will appropriately claim the freedom I claimed, to place the video clip in the context of his or her own faith or unfaith or anti-faith. [2]

There are two kinds of atheists. There are those who take the position that we know there is no God—also that there are no gods; and then there are those who hold that as a personal view. It is not something to be shown to be true for this second group. It is just a personal dead spot.

Similarly, there are two kinds of agnostics. There are those who say that the existence and character of God [3] cannot be known. Then there are those who say that they, themselves, do not know; they leave aside the question of whether anyone else knows.

convidium 2I have found very few people in the category I would call “non-Christian” who are not members of some other faith. But there are some–really, there are– who have had so little contact with Christianity than they have no feelings for or against it. They are the missionaries’ dream of primitives who have no religion at all.  Blank slates waiting to be written on.

There are a few people I would call pre-Christian. These are people who imagine that they will begin to take the Christian faith seriously when they get around to it. They imagine some status as a Christian to be in their future, so they have not rejected anything, really. They have just not accepted anything yet.  I couldn’t find a picture of old people watching a movie in any groups larger than two.

The three largest groups, I am guessing, will be the anti-Christians, the post-Christians, and the “spiritual, but not religious” (S minus R, or S—R) people. People representing these choices will come to the convidium in numbers proportionate to their populations here and they will have things they want to say. And, of course, I will have things I will want to say, too. How is that going to work out?

The S—Rs will say that forgiveness is a very good idea, that it is championed by spiritually enlightened people all over the world and that there is no reason to entangle it with religious dogma. [4] Nothing in the video clips they will just have seen will conflict with that because nothing in the clips will suggest anything at all about religion. One is about politics (Mandela) and one is about the restoration of a lapsed relationship by means of an ethical imperative.

The anti-Christians will say that Christianity teaches the need for forgiveness, but… What they follow the “but…” with will point to why they are anti-Christian. Hypocrisy is the common charge. Christianity preaches forgiveness, but doesn’t practice it. There is often some Sunday School teacher in their pasts who has prominently violated this standard.

The post-Christians will say that forgiveness, as it is preached and practiced in the churches, is only a crude and specific form of some much more sophisticated position. This position, which is, not coincidentally, the position they currently hold, has some historical roots in Christianity as it is preached and practiced, but any particular guidance [5] has been dropped out. The post-Christians wind up at the same place as S—R, but they push off of some established Christian practice—something to be “post-“ from, that needs to be transcended.

That leaves the Christians. You would think that would be the largest group, and I convidium 6think it will offer the largest challenge. A bunch of Christians with different backgrounds, different traditions of scriptural interpretation, different ways of making their faith make sense, will see these simple film fragments differently. And these differences may be fanned into disagreements. There is no way of telling, really.

My hopes for this colloquium—the discussion that follows the convidium—is to keep my own view clear in my mind, to say clearly what it is, and to allow it to be sharpened and focused by the other views. That’s what I want for myself.

My hopes for this colloquium more generally are that a place will be provided where the starting point of the film can be taken seriously—these film clips are our “text”—and the meaning of the clips for each of the views represented. Naturally, I want for my own view not to be dismissed out of hand. I want it to be considered in the same way the others are. On the other hand, I don’t want to win anyone over to the view I hold…at least, not exactly.

If there are people who would like to be where I am—to hold the views I am convidium 5describing—and have thought there was no way they could get there with integrity, I’d be happy to offer my own experience to them as an encouragement. [6] I can do that because I am aware, more than most people, of how I got where I am. I like being where I am even while I know it won’t do for everyone what it has done for me.  Robin the Brave, here, with Princess Melora.

So that’s my hope. A convidium followed by a colloquium. Everyone who is willing to be respectful of the view of the others is welcome. We will watch the clips that I have chosen as “texts” and follow the logic of the discussion wherever it leads us.

I have, for instance, a really good video of the “kenosis” poem in Phillipians Chapter 2 (The Muppets’ Frog Prince) and a good one of the “red pill or the blue pill” scene from The Matrix (Nicodemus in John Chapter 3). we’ll see how those go.

[1] I have different attitudes toward it myself. I feel sometimes that what I think and convidium 1what I feel and what I know and what I do are always in some kind of tenuous balance—very much like the BOSU ball shown here.
[2] The most common response of all will be that questions like this don’t really matter to “real life.” I will not be considering that point of view because those people will not return to the group once they find out what it is about.
[3] Just to simplify things for me, let’s take every reference to “God” to mean “or the gods, of whatever type they might be.”
[4] Not everyone knows what “dogma” means, but everyone knows that it is bad. So people who want to say something against “religion” can make a very appealing case by saying they are against “religious dogma” instead.
[5] Like “seventy time seven,” Jesus’s response to Peter’s question, or “don’t go to bed angry,” Paul’s very practical counsel about anger and getting over it.
[6] The thing about “positions” is that you can’t get there from just anywhere. I got there by starting where I had to start and by being willing to thrown certain things overboard along the way. If someone else in the group is starting somewhere else and/or is unwilling to throw the obstacles overboard, then he or she just can’t get to where I got to—where I am—even if they want to.

 

 

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Why the CHEB is so important

CHEB is a flimsy response to an important issue. CHEB is a discipline I am going to try to follow as a way of referring to President Trump. [1] It stands for Current Head of the Executive Branch.

I called it a flimsy response, and so it is. But it is a response to what I am coming to see as the issue that needs to be addressed and nothing in my previous way of considering the presidency prepared me for this, so I am prepared to be tolerant.

Cheb 1.jpgI began my trip toward this destination while watching an episode of The Mentalist. Patrick Jane, who has done his share of onstage magic, asks why it is that magicians are accompanied on the stage by beautiful young women in skimpy outfits. The reason he gave is that the more time the audience spends looking at the assistant, the more leeway the magician has for managing his feats of illusion without being caught at it. The presence of the young woman means that the “eyeballs,” in the current phrasing, are going to be over there while the things the magician cares about are over here.

And that is the way I see the outrageous behavior of CHEB. [2] He tells demeaning jokes and directly criticizes people with handicaps and calls for an evenhanded approach to proponents of white power and black power. It is really hard to ignore those things—they are the attractive assistant—and to look instead at the illusions the magician is perpetrating. The direction of the CHEB response, flimsy as it is, is to call for consistent and critical attention to the illusionist, leaving the attractive assistant alone.

This strategy is resisted for some very good reasons as well as some bad ones. One of the good reasons is that adopting a strategy of not noticing and not responding simply allows truly egregious behavior to succeed. And not only to succeed, but to be unopposed. I have the persistent feeling that I would be complicit in allowing that to happen. In my judgment, one of the worst of these is CHEB’s remark, “You had people that were very fine people, on both sides.” I think that is outrageous. I was, in fact, outraged.

But let’s look at it using the “attractive young assistant” model. CHEB changed the Cheb 2topic from the violence against blacks to whether Robert E. Lee should be revered as a patriot (Virginia, his highest loyalty) or decried as a racist and a traitor. Similarly, CHEB changed to topic from the rising militancy of the White Supremacy movement to “a clash of forces” in which both sides—remember that is the pro and anti Robert E. Lee “sides”—have honorable people. As horrible as those statements are, they are the assistant. What is the magician doing while I am gazing spellbound at the assistant?

Doesn’t it stand to reason that if I fall for that old trick—if I rise in indignation to each new deplorable remark—that I am complicit in all the things the magician does while I am attending to the assistant? The State Department is being hollowed out and I don’t notice; the Middle East is being inflamed and I don’t notice; the needed actions to slow global warming are being delayed and denied and I don’t notice. If it is really true that you can’t pay attention to the illusionist and the assistant at the same time and if it is true that the illusionist’s tricks will not be noticed if we are watching the assistant, then I am also complicit in acts of state that I deplore.

So…the CHEB strategy is thin, as I say, but if it reminds me from time to time to pay more attention to the actual tricks and not to be distracted by superficialities, then maybe it is worth doing. I am confident in my sense of what is going on. I am reasonably well satisfied with the illusionist/assistant metaphor. I have to say honestly that if I am going to be complicit in evildoing either way—different evil deeds, but equally complicit—then I would rather allow the boorish remarks than the destructive policies.

[1] I have been referring to him as “President Trump,” trying to preserve some of the dignity attached to the office just in case the next incumbent is a person who would deserve to be respected. I think that was a pretty good idea for that stage of the issue. I think we are into a new issue now and the old solution doesn’t fit any more.
[2] Not entirely. I already knew that he did outrageous things that his base would love because they would be disapproved of my the people his bases hates. That would be people like me.

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Righteousness v. Mercy in Matthew’s account

Joseph was a righteous man. Matthew 1:18

Screen Shot 2017-11-24 at 6.12.13 AM.png
That’s what it says right there. “Her husband (it says in the previous line) being righteous AND not willing to expose her publicly.”

OK, let’s start off with the apologies. First to Professor Jerry Hawthorne, who taught me koine Greek in college so I wouldn’t have to rely on an interlinear crutch. I’m sorry, Jerry.  The fact is, I haven’t “kept up with my Greek,” as the phrase goes, and I need a crutch. This is from http://www.biblehub.com and I recommend it highly for all the reasons you can see right there on the page. [1]

Here’s how it works. The top line is a numbering system devised by James Strong in the late 19th Century. It identifies other places in the Bible where this Greek word—díkaios, in this case—appears. The second line transliterates the Greek text (line 3) into our alphabet. The fourth line translates it and the fifth line “parses” it, i.e. it gives the grammatical location of the word. We see here that díkaios is an adjective and that it is a nominative, masculine, singular (NMS) adjective, which fits Joseph perfectly.

What does “and” mean?

This text is what is “there,” so to speak. I am interested today in what itJoseph 3 means. Particularly, I am interested in what “and” means. What is the relationship between Joseph’s righteousness and his mercy—his choosing the quietest, least painful way available to treat Mary’s “infidelity.” [2]

The people who made this little poster have no interest in “and” at all.  They note that the one thing is true and also that the other thing is true.  Way too little curiosity, I say.

There are two schools of thought on this among scholars of the Birth Narratives. [3] The first is that “and” means “therefore.” Joseph was a righteous man and therefore he wanted to do everything he could to show mercy to this sinful woman. Short of consummating the marriage, of course.  The mercy proceeds from the righteousness. Righteousness, in this reading, is the kind of trait that produces merciful behavior.

Joseph 1The second is that “and” means something more like “but,” or “even though.” Joseph showed mercy to Mary “even though” he was a righteous man. Righteous in this sense means “knowing and observing the Law of Moses.” We know what the Law of Moses says could be done—the actual practices may have varied by region and certainly varied by historical period—to Mary because of her obvious infidelity. She was, in fact, pregnant, and Joseph was not the father, so we find ourselves in “the usual suspects” territory.

The text will bear either interpretation of the relationship between Joseph’s righteousness and his personal inclinations, which is why, of course, different scholars understand the same text differently. And when texts are interpreted in several ways, it is very hard not to choose the one we like best, rather than the one that is most likely. It is very hard; trust me on that. A few highly disciplined scholars might do that [4] but the church will not and individual disciples, as a rule, will not either.

An Intermediate Course

There is an intermediate course, fortunately. It is not an alternative meaning; it is an alternative way of choosing a meaning. About that course, there is good news and bad news. The good news is that it gives us an additional key for interpreting what Matthew might have had in mind. The bad news is that to use this key, we will have to go further from the text and root around a little bit in just why Matthew might have cast this story as he did.

Here’s an idea. It is Raymond Brown’s idea again. I hate to keep emphasizing that, but he is a scholar and I am not and he is the scholar of the infancy narratives I know best and trust most. It starts with Matthew’s desire to affirm both the Law and the Revelation in Jesus Christ. Matthew is clearly the most “both/and” of the evangelists. Take Matthew 13:52, for instance, in which some scholars believe Matthew is referring to himself.

And in the spirit of both/and, Matthew has nothing to lose by bearing down hard on the righteousness (dikaiosúnë) of Joseph, meaning a careful, even a rigid, adherence to the Law of Moses. Matthew can bang that drum as hard as he pleases because the next event is that Joseph receives a revelation in a dream.

In 1:20, an angel appears to Joseph—Joseph the father of Jesus has a lot of similarities to Joseph the Patriarch as dreams go—and tells him not to be afraid to bring Mary to his home because her pregnancy has nothing at all to do with infidelity. And Joseph receives this new word and gives it primacy over the old word, the Law of Moses, and does gladly what the Law of Moses would forbid.

This relationship between the “old Word,” the word God gave to Israel, and the “new Word,” the word that Jesus embodies and proclaims, will be the theme of Matthew’s gospel generally. So it makes great sense for him to tuck it into the earliest part of his gospel, the birth narrative of Jesus.

Making a choice

That is an elegant solution to the textual problem, I think, but it brings us right to the lip of the problem I posed earlier. What are we going to do?  How are we going to understand the relationship of righteousness and mercy in the story Matthew tells us. In the churches I know best, there is not much appetite for righteousness, meaning the careful observation of God’s requirements. The only thing we are really judgmental about is the fact that some churches emphasize God’s judgment, where we think the mercy of God should be favored. Judgmentalism just makes us angry.

On the other hand, we really don’t think that we should choose the interpretation we like best. We think we should favor the “best interpretation,” whatever the scholars determine that to be. That is what is behind the cherrypicking we do—not of texts, but of scholars; we just want the meaning we like best to be the best scholarly judgment.  It’s sad, really, but there it is.

So it isn’t easy. But then, it wasn’t easy for Joseph either. The dilemma he faced about Mary was not easy and the message of the angel, which replaced one dilemma with another, also wasn’t easy. So it is perfectly appropriate that we begin this Advent, one based on Matthew’s account, by celebrating the courage of the legal husband of Mary and the legal father of Jesus.

[1] The site has a lot more than an interlinear text, so the way I get to this site is to google “interlinear new testament” and choose the http://www.biblehub.com site from the list.
[2] It is a shame, really, that the meaning of the word “infidelity” has shrunk so much that it now means “having sex with someone other than your spouse.” With that shrunken meaning, we can hardly see that Joseph is being asked to be faithful to God’s plan and would be committing an act of infidelity had he refused. As it happens, both Mary and Joseph are faithful.
[3] My principal source for all this is Raymond E. Brown’s The Birth of the Messiah, the best and most thorough book I know about the birth narrative. In the Revised Edition, which I am using, having worn out my first one, this discussion appears on pp. 126—128.
[4] And very likely would be punished by vigilant peers if they did not.

 

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Cherished Memories-1

This is what you think it is, but it might not be where you thought it might be. It is the International Airport of Vienna, the Flughafen Wien-Schwechat. When I saw it, I laughed out loud. I was the only person in the men’s restroom at the time.

Since you are seeing this as a photograph, not in person, as I saw It's not real, but it works just as well as a target.jpgit, I should tell you that this is not a spider. It is a decal representing a spider. The decal does everything you want it to do. It affects people who know they are being affected by it and people who don’t know. And everyone it affects is affected in the same way. Their marksmanship improves whether they are attending to it or not.

There are lots of reasons why the people who run a public facility where there are wall-mounted urinals in the men’s rooms would want pee-ers to be careful [1] and there are lots of ways of approaching that goal. I have seen cutesy little signs like” “We aim to please. You aim too, please.”

With appeals to “courtesy” multiplying as they are, I expect any day to see a sign that says “Please direct the flow of your urine as a courtesy to the patron using the next urinal.”

That’s really the whole event as a memory of that time. But it turns out that I have been thinking about it off and on for all the years since and I think those thoughts are part of what makes the memory so cherished.

Why not a target?

I have thought in the years since that maybe a target would be a good urinal 1device. People like to aim at targets. But targets have two disadvantages that spiders do not have. First, you know they were put there in an attempt to manipulate you. Not everyone likes that. Second, if there is a place you are supposed to hit, there is the chance that you could miss it. You could, in other words, fail. Not everyone likes that either. And besides, what good does it do anyone for you to hit a target.

I won’t try to persuade you that I thought about all these things while I was standing there in Vienna and snickering in appreciation at what they had done. Some of these effects have just now occurred to me and some I thought of on the flight home. Still, there is an abiding sense that there should not be spiders in the urinals; therefore, there is an extra do-gooder credit that accrues to anyone who even tries to remove it.

Furthermore, because this is a good thing you are doing, you don’t have to succeed at it to reap the reward. And you don’t have the sense—not immediately, at least—that this was put there by someone so that you will act in a certain way. You have more clearly the sense that this is something you have decided to do yourself.

Peeing on a spider (decal) is something you wanted to do yourself. Indeed, it is something that is hard not to want to do. Peeing at—notice the different conjunction—a target is something someone else wanted you to do. Whoever put the target there.

And since a target represents an assessment—that is why some of the circles are small and central and others large and peripheral—it is something you need to do well in order to feel good about having tried. Aiming at a target and missing is really not a good thing. Aiming at a spider is a good thing (a good deed) whether you hit it or not.

So the whole thing has a feel-good aura about it. And maybe that’s why I have felt so good about it ever since.

[1] And if there is a journal assessing the quality of different devices for improving the marksmanship of men, I am sure it is a pee-er reviewed journal.

 

 

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Personal authenticity and robots

I had never heard of the Foundation for Responsible Robotics (FRR) until I read “Bad Day for Human Dignity” in This Week magazine, [1] but there is such a foundation and I’d like to explore today what it might propose for us.

I am sure they mean to cue up the contrast between responsible and irresponsible robotics and to say that they are against “irresponsible robotics,” whatever that is. But of course, that begs the real question: does “responsible robotics” mean anything? Can it mean anythiing?

It is typical of American culture to put sexual ethics first among our ethical concerns. And that being the case, we would expect a foundation interested in “responsibility” to pass by our responsibility to our senior citizens and to children and to pass by ethical considerations of violent behavior and focus, instead, on sex. And they have.

What happened to Samantha

Let’s start with why Greg Nichols is lamenting the “bad day for human dignity.”The incident happened at the Arts Electronica Festival in Linz, Austria. Sergi Santos, an engineer from Barcelona, Spain, was showing off a robotic doll he calls Samantha. The interactive robot is reportedly programmed to respond to “romance.” (The quotation marks are in the original article, meaning that the author isn’t quite sure what the word means in this context.)

Not much romance happened. Instead, “the men at the festival treated Samantha like, well, an object.

“The people mounted Samantha’s breasts, her legs, and arms. Two fingers were broken. She was heavily soiled,” Santos told Britain’s Metro. “People can be bad.”

Yes, we can. And I have no wish to minimize the bad behavior of the men who did this to Mr. Santos’s toy. If they had done it to his wife or his daughter, we would all know how to feel about it. The way it happened, you have to dig a little to say why it was wrong. Or whether it was wrong. Or whether it was just boorish. How do we even ask questions like that?

Fortunately, I have a good guide for questions like that. Sherry Turkle is the author of Alone Together, a study of the human-robot connection. She and a collection of her students gave robots with a limited vocabulary, a rudimentary ability to “learn,” ( and big blue eyes) to a bunch of grade school kids. And when she did that, she gave them a real dilemma. They all knew this robot was not a person. It was a machine. They knew it wasn’t alive—not, at least, in the ordinary sense of the word.

But they invested their emotions in it anyway and they attributed to it whatever traits were necessary to make sense of that investment. If they said they loved the little robot, then they said that it loved them back or that it enjoyed being loved by them. Eventually they came up with a formula. It wasn’t “alive” exactly, but it was “alive enough” for the relationship they had built up with it.

Alive enough. Really?

Very similar experiments with seniors in senior residences produced the same dilemma. The old people, mostly women, started into their time with the cute little robots knowing firmly that they were “not real.” But the robots were designed to elicit “actions of caring” and they did. Now it is the old person’s job to invent a rationale in which it is not ridiculous for them to behave the way they are behaving. So they began with ambiguous justifications, but just as you would expect, when those justifications were probed by the experimenters, they reacted in different ways. Some gave it all up and confessed that they were just pretending. Some doubled down and insisted that the little robots had really learned to love them and that they were only reciprocating.

Only reciprocating? Really?

The Foundation for Responsible Robotics

The Foundation for Responsible Robotics (FRR) wants to “promote the responsible…implementation…of robots imbedded in our society.” That’s in their mission statement.  And this is their official icon, by the way.   Is the little robot who forced the children to invent a standard like “alive enough” a responsible implementation of embedded robots? Is the display of a sex robot who responds to “romance” a responsible implementation?” Is the production of such a robot better or worse than a pack of men going rogue and abusing the robot?

These are hard questions, I think. No one I have read has any idea what to do with the genuine feelings of love (the children) or lust (the purchasers of sex robots) that are projected onto the robots. Let me say it the other way: the feelings of love or of lust that the robots “elicit.”

How is that different? We commonly say that people have “feelings” and that they “project” these feelings onto various objects. That’s how men can become completely infatuated with women they have never met and can imagine that these women would welcome romantic initiatives from them. You can imagine a mechanism in which these fantasies the men have are within them and that they are projected onto the women in the way that a movie is projected onto a screen.

This isn’t like that.

The cuddly toys and the “rapable” dolls are designed to elicit certain feelings in the children and the men, respectively. [2] The company “designs, develops, and implements” a doll that “has” a personality of a certain kind. She leads you on—by what means I don’t really know—and then starts being unresponsive. At that point you unleash on her behaviors that if she were a woman, would be called “rape.” She has just done what she was designed to do and so have you.

She is following her programming and so are you. But she has no choice. Her programming is the only operating system she has. We have a “here’s what I want to do” system, but we also have a “here’s what is right to do” system. The human programming, the part of you that “responds” to the romantic cues from the robot, is the “here’s what I want to do” part of you. Presumably the Foundation for Responsible Robotics is interested in the other part.

Are robots different?

From the standpoint of the men in question, the objects of their sexual desires don’t need to be robots. They can be real women, provided that the real women have very little choice in how to respond. Here’s an example.

I want to introduce you to a character in one of Ursula LeGuin’s novellas. Here is the story the young woman Rakam tells.

We were sent across to the men’s side most nights. When there were dinner parties, after the ladies left the dinner room we were brought in to sit on the owners’ knees and drink wine with them. Then they would use us there on the couches or take us to their rooms. The men of Zeskra were not cruel. Some liked to rape, but most preferred to think that we desired them and wanted whatever they wanted. Such men could be satisfied, the one kind if we showed fear or submission, the other kind if we showed yielding and delight. [3]

I want to pause for just a moment here to remember what we are doing. We are trying to explore whether some notion of “responsible robotics” can be formulated and we are using sex dolls, like Samantha, as our test case.

It is easy to see the differences between the sex robots and the slave women. But is there a difference in the two situations so far as the men are concerned? I don’t think so. The men desire to express their sexuality in some way or another—two modes are illustrated in Rakam’s story—and they want the object of their desires to respond “appropriately.” That means “fear and submission” in the one case and “yielding and delight” in the other case. These “responses” are performed by the sex dolls in the one setting and by the slave women in the other.

Philosopher Charles Ess says, “Since the machines are incapable of real emotions, they are simply “faking it”, no matter how persuasively.” I’m sure he is right, but the slave women are “faking it” too and so are the sex workers who make their living by faking it night after night. None of these considerations takes into account whether something really dreadful is, as I fear, being done to the men who really know better and are having the experience by pretending they don’t know better.

I’d like to close by offering you some of the questions the Foundation for Responsible Robotics thinks is worth asking.

1. Could robots help with sexual healing and therapy?

2. Could intimacy [sic] with robots lead to greater social isolation?

3. What kind of relationship could we have with a sex robot?

4. Will sex robots change societal perceptions of gender?

First, I want to say that I don’t think they are stupid questions. If “interactive” robots are coming, we need to have someone thinking about what kinds of effects they will have.

But, second, these all seem to me superficial questions. They are public policy questions, which are important in their own right, but there are also more personal, more meaningful questions. Is there going to be a hollowing out of people whose lives are more and more based on fantasies they know, at some level of consciousness, are not real. Will these relationships become the dream we can’t wake up from?

I really don’t want to find out, but I am afraid we are going to.

[1] “ Bad Day for Human Dignity,” page 6, This Week, October 13, 2017

[2] You can buy a Roxxxy TrueCompanion robot for just under $10,000 and set her “personality” to reject your “advances.” At which point, you could just go ahead and “rape” her. This “personality” you would have chosen for her is called “Frigid Farah” by the company who sells it. See Laura Bates lead paragraph in a recent New York Times Op-Ed:
[3] From “A Woman’s Liberation,” one of the stories that makes up LeGuin’s Four Ways to Forgiveness, see page 223. These “strategies” that Rakam and the other women employ are “settings” for the sex dolls.

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The sensible pursuit of class goals

What is a “class goal?”

When I was in high school, one of the traditions was to collect money so that the graduating senior class could give a gift to the school. We did the same thing in college. The amount of money needed to give the gift we had chosen was, or could have been, identified as “the class goal.”

That’s not what I’m talking about here.

I am thinking of “class” in the Marxist sense, although not defined by the Marxist logic. [1] I am going to be working in this essay with a notion of the working class. It’s hard to say exactly who I am referring to—all the authors cited in the works I have been reading struggle as well—but this class is bounded on the down side by the “hard living “ poor and on the up side by the professional/managerial class.

I want to be specific about that because the class I am going to be thinking about calls itself “middle class.” It is the way the working class differentiates itself from those just above and those just below that identifies them. The “hard living poor” are undisciplined and waste their resources and behave shamefully. We don’t want to go there. Or, in the case of a working class family that has risen out of “hard living,” go back there. The professionals are ugly people—pretentious snobs—and we don’t want to be like them in any way. So we are who we are, the “settled living” working class. [2]

How to keep from going back to “hard living”

In this section I am going to introduce the main point—the practices of the working class are a sensible pursuit of class goals—and apply that general point to working class childrearing practices.

How should children be raised? In the view of this class, “the working class,” they should be raised so that they don’t have to sink to the level of “hard living.” Very often, the families making these calculations have been there and know they don’t want to go back so the implicit question is, “What do we have to do so that we and/or our children don’t have to go back to hard living?”

That means that people like me, who have never experienced “hard living,” but respect 1nevertheless, have views on how children should be raised, have a dilemma. I learned what the right goals of childrearing are from my parents and got a refresher course by being a parent and a step-parent. I know what is right and why it is right. I have never asked what would be the right kind of childrearing if the goal were, as in the case of the working class, to ensure that no one sinks to “hard living.” So in confronting this question, I am facing a question I have never faced before. I need to ask, of the child rearing practices of the working class, “Will they meet the goals of the parents?”

That question feels odd to me. I don’t remember having heard it asked before, with the possible exception of some anthropology texts, in which the fathers train the sons to be hunters and the mothers train the daughters to be gatherers. They inculcate in the children whatever virtues will enable the group to survive, “courage,” let’s say in the hunters and “patience” in the gatherers. But here is that same distinction, with what I hear as anthropological overtones, being made about my own fellow citizens. Here is a paragraph from Joan Williams.

As the Great Recession of 2008 showed, many less affluent families are only few paychecks away from “hard living”: losing their homes and sliding into a chaotic life. This specter dominates their approach to child rearing, where the focus is on raising a “good kid,” defined as one who finishes school and lands a stable job. Self-regulation, not self-actualization, is the underlying goal of child rearing in the Missing Middle. Workers place a high value on comfort and predictability, as opposed to innovation and openness to change.

These working class parents want their children to be “good kids” as they define good kids: finishes school and lands a stable job. That’s what good kids do. They reject “self-actualization” the default choice of parents from the professional class, and emphasize, instead, “self-regulation.”

I can feel any way I like about the childrearing practices these parents use, but if I want to criticize them, I need to say either: a) these emphases will not produce the kinds of children you are trying to produce or b) you shouldn’t want to produce that kind of child. I don’t see myself being able to say either of those. On what basis would I say them?

Here’s another one from Williams

The working- class approach is succinctly summarized by class migrant [3]and journalist Alfred Lubrano, whose father was a bricklayer: “In the working class, people perform jobs in which they are closely supervised and are required to follow orders and instructions. [So they bring their children] up in a home in which conformity, obedience, and intolerance for back talk are the norm—the same characteristics that make for a good factory worker.

Notice that. Like the father who is a hunter and who raises his sons to succeed as he has, the bricklayer raises his sons to succeed as he has. That is the point of similarity. I am not saying that there and then is the same as here and now. In an urban and industrial society with a highly individualistic interpersonal style, the choice is not being a good hunter or a bad hunter.

unruly 1But there are some differences as well. Lubrano’s father raised him to be a really good bricklayer, but Lubrano became a journalist instead. A father in our society in preparing the sons to do the same kind of work he does, is closing off a lot of other economic choices that the sons might prefer. That’s not true of the hunter.

Now, to return to Lubrano’s account, bricklayers are closely supervised and are required to follow orders and instructions. Therefore, the father brings the children up in a home where “conformity, obedience, and intolerance for back talk” are the norm. Homes like these are the places where the sons are trained in the values that will enable them to earn a living as bricklayers.

Again, I am left with my two questions. Is it really true that this kind of upbringing prepares the sons for that kind of occupation? And, again, in choosing that for your children, are you making a good choice? Are you passing by choices that would be better? Should you be making for the sons choices that they would make better themselves? I don’t see myself in a place where I can ask questions like that.
Here is one final passage from Williams:

Settled families’ insistence on self-regulation may seem heavy-handed [4] to the upper-middle class. But these families live close to the edge. In the upper-middle-class context, children are encouraged to experiment, with the secure knowledge that any “scrapes” they get into will often pass without a trace. Money can buy second chances, something professionals often take for granted. While an insistence on self-regulation may stifle creativity and spontaneity, these may seem worth sacrificing in order to maintain a foothold on the settled life.

This is the other side of the child-rearing commitment. We have seen that the families prepare the children for the kinds of lives they are going to live. Here, we see that the parents try to prevent the kinds of occurrences that will send the kids down to “hard living.”

For professionals’ kids, encouraging them to experiment is fine. If they get into a scrape, they can get through it and money buys second chances. None of that is in place for the working class kids, so a heavy handed regimen of self-regulation may seem worthwhile, even if it stifles creativity and spontaneity. If you can’t buy your way out—and these families can’t—then sterner measures intended to prevent getting into trouble make a great deal of sense.

So if you feel the way I do about authoritarian childrearing practices, then you have earn respect 1the same problem I have. We need to be able to challenge these childrearing practices on either instrumental or on normative grounds. Those are the two I introduced above. We need, in other words, to say, “I understand your adopting those practices as a way to prepare your children for working class life, but actually, they won’t have that effect.” First, I’m not really sure that is true. Besides that, I am sure I am not in a position to say it even if it were true. So the instrumental case against those childrearing practices falls apart.

The normative case against those practices is that the parents ought not to want those outcomes for their children. Presumably, we think they ought to want “a better life” for their children, by which we would mean the kind of life that professionals and managers live. So Alfred Lubrano, the journalist, would say to his father, who trained him to be a bricklayer, “Pop, I know you don’t like the lifestyle I have chosen, but I much prefer it to the one you had in mind for me and it is, after all, my choice to make.”

Of course, I couldn’t make that case, with my thoughtless presupposition that professional/managerial norms are better. Nor would my idea that being able to rise through the class system is a good thing. Lubrano’s parents don’t see it that.

I called this essay a “sensible pursuit,” meaning that the parents deliberately adopted strategies in line with their goals. And I identified the goals as “class goals” because they are determined by the parents’ distaste for the professional/managerial class and by their fear of “hard living.” These are not, on that sense, “personal goals.” I don’t think I can learn to like those practices, coming to the question with different presuppositions, but maybe I could be a little less judgmental about them.

That would be a good thing, I think.

[1] Marx’s idea was that you either controlled the means of production or you didn’t. You were one class if you did and another class if you didn’t. A version of that split was still available enough for Mitt Romney to use the expression “makers and takers” to refer to the two groups.
[2] The case I am going to be making really requires some specificity on who I am talking about. I am following the language choices of Joan Williams, in her Reshaping the Work-Family Debate: Why Men and Class Matter. Williams relies on sociologist Michele Lamont’s work on the working class/professional class boundary and on Julie Bettie for the distinction between “hard living families” and “settled living families.
[3] A term I have never heard before this book and one I think hits all the right notes. People who move from one class, one “way of life” to another, are migrants in the same sense as people are who move from one country, with its way of life, to another.
[4] Here’s an example of what she means by “heavy-handed;” “For the hard living, adherence to traditionalist religion, with its emphasis on ‘ absolute truths and a transcendent moral authority, sometimes offers a path back to settled life.”

 

T

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It’s a PG sort of coffee shop

In Sam Raimi’s film, For the Love of the Game, he sets up a scene in an airport bar. An insensitive boor begins regaling the woman on the barstool next to him with his extensive knowledge of the Yankees. [1] He can name a Yankee for every uniform number. She shuts him down. “Please don’t,” she says. He is offended. “It used to be you can’t smoke in a bar. Now you can’t talk in a bar? This isn’t a church, lady.”

He’s right. Obnoxious as he is, he is right. He is in a bar watching TV and talking baseball.

I was thinking about that scene this morning when a group of us were sitting at ourp g 5 Starbucks grappling with the recent spate of sexual abuse accusations made against public figures. A small party came in to sit at the table next to us: a young couple, a small child and an infant. The mother had scarcely settled in her chair when she came over and asked us to watch our language, there being a small child within earshot.

We were flabbergasted and we didn’t handle it very well. There were six of us; all parents and most of us, grandparents.  We had not been using any words that could reasonably have offended this hypervigilant mother; it was the topic itself that made her wary. What did Judge Roy Moore really do? Is that like or unlike what Senator Al Franken is being accused of? How about President Trump? How about former President Clinton?

The clear indication that we were flabbergasted comes in two observations. The first is that although we attempted to change to another topic, we failed. I don’t ever remember this group failing to come up with one topic after another that engaged our interests.

Several of our group were seriously resentful about the request that had been put to us. The resentment distorted what would otherwise have been a more agile management of the conversation. There were recurrent proposals that we return to the old topic, but we didn’t all feel that was the right thing to do.

The second indication is that the lasting topic, the one we did turn to, was: who the hell is she to tell us not to talk about public events in our coffee shop? That’s what reminded me of the garrulous fan.

What’s at stake here?

You can begin at the public discourse end or at the protective mother end. Either way, you get to the place where the rubber meets the road. Here are the two versions.

  • Given that public discourse on public issues is crucially important, how much right to prevent that discourse does a mother have who is concerned about what words her preschool child might hear?
  • Given that a mother has every right to protect her child from experiences she feels will be detrimental to him/her, how much right does she have to ask that others in a coffee shop exercise a little restraint in the words they use in public?

A little restraint

Two questions bear on the respectability of this mother’r request. The first is, “Is it reasonable?” The second it, “Does she have other options?”

p g 2It’s hard to say that her fears were unreasonable, given that the topic—which, I remind you, was allegations of sexual abuse made about public figures—was potentially offensive. I good way to approach this would be to ask how likely it is that offensive things will be said, how harmful it would be if offensive things were said. Since she didn’t have any way to judge either question, she set the bar for her own action very low. These six old people might say something I would not want my child to hear and it might damage him or her. [2]  I am trying to imagine the six of us having the kind of impact on this mother that this picture is intended to have.

Does she have other options? Sure. She could have taken her child to some other kind of place—not a coffee shop. She could have sat at some other part of that coffee shop. She could have invented herself in distracting her child from what was being discussed at the next table. [3]

Public Discourse

This particular group has been gathering at this particular Starbucks for quite a number of years. “Politics,” broadly construed, is a common topic. Although you can’t tell by looking at the group, it’s a pretty well behaved group. We have adopted rules against offensive language in the group (we call it flame throwing) and against moral aggressiveness (we call it proselytizing). There is no way for this mother to know that, but we know it and we took it into account when she warned us to watch our language.

It is not hard to make the case that opposition to the democracy-destroying actions of the Trump administration need urgently to be discussed by the citizens and that is what coffee shops, from the time of the Revolutionary War and before, have been used for. And that’s what we were doing. Being asked not to do that because of the personal qualm of a single hypervigilant mother seems like asking a lot.

p g 3After the woman had gone back to her table and her infant and her preschooler and her husband, some members of our group recovered a little from the shock and engaged in a brisk game of Shoudasaid. We shouldasaid, “Everyone here is a parent and a grandparent. We don’t need your guidance about what kind of language to use.” We shouldasaid, “We will be careful not to say anything we wouldn’t want our own grandchildren to hear.” We shouldasaid, “Thanks for sharing your feelings, but we are going to have the conversation we had begun and if you don’t like it, there are other tables you might occupy.” We shouldsaid, “You want us to what? Really?”

There were other proposals, but those capture the flavor of the main proposals. I felt that way myself. I’m not very tolerant of being shushed, particularly by strangers and particularly when I am not doing anything I think I should be shushed about. So I was feeling pretty aggressive and was thinking of saying something back. I am sure I would have justified it by referring to “preserving the space required for effective public discourse,” but the emotional truth of the matter is that I felt I had been reprimanded and I wanted to hit back. [4]

I think that my own thinking has moved, in the time since that occasion, in the direction of “the PG coffee shop.” Not only is PG the least innocuous of the movie designations, but it also suggests that “parental guidance” is suggested. The mother came to our table to give us the guidance the thought we needed, but she was not our parent. I think I wish most that she had provided for her child the guidance that would have allowed the discussions going on all around her to continue as they were.

[1] The joke for us as viewers is that the pitcher for the Detroit Tigers who is pitching against the Yankees that day is this woman’s husband. The garrulous fan never learns that, but it is a nice touch for us.
[2] This might be the time to ask whether the case would have different if she were worried about being offended herself or her husband being offended. If she herself had been abused by a public figure or if she know that her husband gets violent when he hears such matters being discussed, then she knows things that none of us could possibly know and either of which could justify an action that, otherwise, seems very controlling.
3] This woman didn’t win any point from our group by turning immediately to her phone and ignoring her child (and her husband) completely. We would have thought that was bad behavior anyway, but since she had just slapped our collective wrist, we were inclined to hold this particular action against her.
[4] Had I been so moved, I would have cited political theorist Hannah Arendt:
However, since it is a creation of action, this space of appearance is highly fragile and exists only when actualized through the performance of deeds or the utterance of words.

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