The Dilettante's Dilemma

It is so easy to exaggerate the current antipathy between (some) men and (some) women in the U.S. today. Here is a political overview:

For a growing percentage of young men, Cox [1] wrote:

Feminism has less to do with promoting gender equality and more to do with simply attacking men. A 2022 survey by the Southern Poverty Law Center found that 46 percent of Democratic men under 50 agreed that feminism has done more harm than good and even more Republican men agreed.

More young men, he added, “are adopting a zero-sum view of gender equality — if women gain, men will inevitably lose.”

This attitude varies quite a bit from one generation to another, from one region of the country to another, and from one social class to another. That’s why it is important to put “some” in at the right places. Still, it is commonly understood that economies vary from a “positive sum” view at one end of the scale to “zero-sum” at the other end. It strikes me as a little odd that what I am referring to casually as “the gender wars,” should make use of a scale that was invented to describe macroeconomic distributions of values.

Surely they ought to be more different than that.

In order to uphold the zero-sum model, the men who feel this way—nearly half of Democratic men—need to understand the relative success of women in education and in the professions as taking away something that they could otherwise have. That takes something of a stretch.

Picture a diesel mechanic saying, “I could have had that professorship myself if they had not decided to give it to a woman.” Just sit with that for a minute. You can’t get there by the route I have described above: women are succeeding more than men, therefore I myself, am being cheated. There is a way to get to it, however. Richard Reeves [2] puts it more dramatically than I would, but his meaning is clear.

The left see a war on girls and women; the right see a war on boys and men. The left pathologizes masculinity; the right pathologizes feminism. [3]

Back to the diesel mechanic. If he starts by pathologizing “feminism”—meaning by that the greater success of women in sought after schools and firms—then he can take nearly anything as “evidence” that the life he wants is under attack and that women are the reason.

Let me put that another way. If you start with the cause—women are displacing people like me—you can use almost anything as “evidence” for it. A competitive job search chooses the most qualified candidate. “I don’t care.” Is the candidate a woman? “Ha! It’s just as I said!”

This could be a very long haul and I don’t have the patience for it this morning. Let me point in the direction of the two things that would help. the first is a belief in merit. The second is compensation for the losers—the “less meritorious.”

The justification for “the meritocracy” [4] is that it is fair. Whoever has most of what the position requires is chosen for the position. Giving priority to anyone from any group on other grounds—sex, race, age, body size—erodes a belief in the fairness of the system. It undercuts meritocracy. It enables the diesel mechanic to say what he says.

The second component is compensation for the losers. There have always been higher statuses and lower statuses. The lord of the manor has a higher status than the merchants in town and than the serfs on the land. But it has taken capitalism to turn the occupants of lower statuses into “losers.” If the system is fair and if everyone aspires to the higher statuses, then those who do not attain them are losers. That’s not much of a stretch.

So if life for the losers—in this formal sense of the term—is really bad, then the protest against the unfair system that fastened these conditions on them will be vigorous. Eventually, it will be violent. There is no way to make these people not “losers” given the presuppositions of capitalism, but social policy could make their lives considerably more satisfying than they are.

I’m going to stay with that simple declaration. Social policy could do that. Having taken that leap, I am free to return to the diesel mechanic and note that he is now free, if he wants to do it, to acknowledge that women are getting the best gigs because they are the best prepared and in many cases the most motivated. With a better life himself, he could let go of the zero-sum explanations of gender equity and move toward “fair is fair.”

I think that would be helpful and it is easier to change economic conditions than it is to change gender attitudes. Surely we know that by now.

[1] Daniel A. Cox, director of the Survey Center on American Life at the American Enterprise Institute,
[2] Reeves is the author of Of Boys and Men.
[3] Again we see that English is stuck with unbalanced terms. We could force the issue and oppose “masculinity” to “femininity” but those terms don’t work any more. Also, there is no commonly used word “masculinism” to oppose to “feminism.” It leaves us with the clumsy, inadequate opposition Reeves uses.
[4] Words ending in -cracy all ought to mean “rule by __” The root of the word tells the reader just who is being identified as the ruler. Democracy is understood—these days—to mean rule by the people; kleptocracy would mean rule by thieves. Meritocracy would mean “rule by the most meritorious,” but it leaves unexamined just who is to decide what traits and abilities have merit. Oh well.

A wonderful picture came into my mind this morning. I’m going to share it in the hope that you will enjoy it as much as I did. It will take a little setting up.

I am listening to Jennifer Paxton’s lectures on medieval England, thanks to some CD I bought when the Teaching Company was still selling CDs. She was talking about that time in the history of England when the Viking raids had been so common and so successful that fairly large numbers of them just stayed in England all year instead of going “home” and then coming back to raid again. [1]

It was the men who were doing the viking, of course and when they began to farm, it was the men who did the farming. But when it appeared that they were going to stay, they send word home to bring to them the things that they would need.

I am going to pause at that point to tell you about an experiment I conducted at Starbucks ten minutes after I heard Professor Paxton. I asked each barista what the word “retainer” meant to them. One of them is currently involved with a court proceeding of some kind, and he said his mind went to an attorney, who was on retainer. One mentioned a wall that was put up to hold back the soil of a hillside. I get that one, but I have never heard it used that way. The rest of them said it reminded them of something you put in your mouth at night of keep you from grinding all the enamel off your teeth.

I have recently begun using what my dentist calls a “Nightguard,” I suppose because it is easier to get men to use them if you call them that. But I am a tooth grinder myself and I have recently been fitted for a Nightguard.

What Professor Paxton actually said in her lecture is that the men who had been viking and who were now farming, sent home for their wives, their children, and their retainers.

Is that a great picture or what? Who knew that those fierce Vikings were so careful about their teeth?

[1] I learned from Professor Paxton that “vike” is a verb. The people that the British called “the Northmen” came to do a variety of things. When they were farming, they were farmers. When they were viking, they were Viking. Apparently, “to vike’ means to raid for plunder and slaves. These people were only Vikings while they were viking.

I think I’ve passed a milestone of some kind. You’re never sure at the time, I suppose. I am basing this opinion on the fact that I find myself looking back at something that I have routinely looked ahead to see. And that is being old.

A few years ago, I wrote a blog post that I called IOYK. Properly speaking, there should have been a comma between the O and the Y, but my mind’s eye saw it as a bumpersticker kind of sentiment and your really don’t punctuate bumperstickers.

It stands for “I’m Old, You Know,” and I treated it as an all too readily available excuse for not doing something you really could do if you needed to.

I began noticing the use of that excuse—phrased, of course in a variety of ways—when I moved to a senior center seven years ago. I mentally filed it under “How People Talk Here.” But now I have found that the expression has morphed into something I did not have in mind when it first occurred to me. It has become a source of success and encouragement. It has come to define how I feel about the way I am living.

Maybe some examples. When I am waking up in the morning, I practice breathing until I get the breath I was hoping for: large, deep, effortless. Then I stop and celebrate it a little. Then I get up. Then, when I am making the coffee, I have to reach the filters in an upper cupboard. The cupboard is much more “upper” than it was several years ago, but if I reach it smoothly and if I pull just one paper filter away from the pack of filters, I stop briefly to enjoy those two successes.

That may sound pathetic, but I wanted to start small enough to engage your interest. There is, in these examples, a willingness to focus on very small discrete acts. That is probably what you noticed first. But there is also a willingness to celebrate “achievements.” And how did getting a coffee filter from an upper cupboard get to be an “achievement?” That happened when I lowered the criterion for success down to the place where there would be a lot of successes.

That’s my superpower. It isn’t as dumb as I have made it sound so far, really it isn’t, but before I tell you just how it has an inner rationale that is worth exploring, let me make brief mention of a “superpower” that my brother, Mark, says I have. We are out riding out bikes in Portland and come up to a light that is just about to change from red to green. Just about. I slow down; I shift into a lower gear. I can time this light if I am careful. But, it turns out that I can’t, so I get off my bike, at which point the light changes. According to Mark, that’s my superpower. I can change the light from red to green by the simple act of getting off my bike. Some superpower, right?

That’s a faux superpower and Mark and I both know it. But my ability to lower the criterion for success down to the place where I can experience a success when I need it actually is an ability I am proud of. And it is—can be—included in IOYK if “old” is seen as the context that makes celebrating these “successes” plausible.

Here’s another way to look at it. Rolling friction is less than starting friction. If your car is stuck on the ice or in the mud, anything you can do to get that very first start toward rotating the wheel is really important. Why? Because every other rotation will benefit from the momentum. That first little success—that breath or that coffee filter—establishes rolling friction as the standard that must be met and it is a lower standard.

Or, just another metaphor really but I remember this one from my basketball playing days, a really solid defensive effort can set up some amazing offensive achievements immediately following. And it isn’t just me. As the NCAA basketball season winds down and as March Madness prepares to crank up, I see it all the time on TV. I see a really spectacular defensive action by one of Connecticut’s guards, say, and I start to look at what that guard is going to do at the offensive end on the next play. Will he take the shot he has been passing up? Will it go in? You’d be surprised.

This particular twist on IOYK isn’t quite as easy as I have made it sound so far. You have to be able to take pleasure in the success for it to have the effect you want it to have. I fail at getting that breath, that particular breath, several times before I get the one I have been trying for. That helps me really enjoy it when I get it. If my life were not full of things I care about and that IOYK helps me to enjoy, then “successes” of the kind I have been describing wouldn’t really matter. I know that because I have had some experiences of pervasive depression when nothing at all mattered. Failures were insignificant (in the most literal sense of that term) and successes meaningless. And since they didn’t mean anything, they didn’t help. All the frictions continued to be starting frictions as if some otherwise pervasive law of physics had been repealed the minute I turned by back.

In my current use of IOYK, it is “old” that serves as the justification for the new lowered criteria. I don’t mean “old” in the purely chronological sense, which, as it pertains to life in a senior center, is clearly meaningless. I have, in fact, experienced a noticeable erosion in the abilities, both physical and mental, that I used to count on. I have become “old” in the experiential sense.

That could lead, obviously, to a lot of failures if I were dumb enough to continue to expect my mind and my body to operate in the same ways and at the same levels that they once did. Of course they don’t. But they do operate in a way that provides considerable pleasure in the “successes” I experience. The successes are provided by meeting and exceeding the criteria for success. And I set the criteria. Not whimsically; not casually. The new criteria are, in fact, achievements of their own kind.

And the root of it all is the ability to take real pleasure in the things I can still do. I can, for instance, get up and go to Starbucks and write a blog post that I have been wanting to write for some time now.

I would like for you to stand with me on the sidelines of this conflict and try to determine what it is about. Let’s pursue the implicit football metaphor a little.

As is true in many contested rulings, it is hard to say just what happened first. Here is the order that seems sensible to me. Darryl George, pictured here, is suspended by the Barbers Hill Independent School District for violating the dress code. Darryl George and his mother, Darresha George sued the district, saying that they had violated the CROWN act. [1] At that point the Georges threw the famous red challenge flag.

The Georges say that the school district has, in fact, violated the law which says it may not “discriminate against a hair texture or protective hairstyle commonly or historically associated with race.”

There is no question is our minds, those of us gathered on the sideline waiting for the review to be concluded, that Darryl George’s hair style is “commonly…associated with race.” For our purposes, I am going to call that a fact.

The school district begins at another place, which should not surprise. What the school district is against, says Dr. Greg Poole, the superintendent, is “unlimited self-expression.” Darryl George’s hairstyle does, as the district sees it, violate the ban on “unlimited self-expression.” That is the other claim that the officials under the hood are taking into account and debating among themselves.
If you put the two rules together, you come up with a kind of hybrid standard in which self-expression may be limited by the district dress code unless it is a violation “historically associated with race.” That hybrid form really does not seem stable to me.

You could argue as the move for Affirmative Action did, that the historical and structural disadvantages that go with the black experience in America, justify a temporary race-related benefit to the current black generation. That was always opposed as unfair to the whole set of present generations. The Supreme Court eventually came around to that view. It has also been rejected by many black intellectuals as an automatic discounting of their abilities and achievements.

This problem as it is shaping up in Texas has both of those problems unless there are other extravagant ways of presenting oneself that are “historically associated” with other races. No one I have read is arguing that.

There is, however, an interesting parallel in the U. S. Army. The Army has recently accepted a stunning variety of “new looks” for American warriors and that variety includes turbans, beards, hijabs, and “under-turbans.”

“Our goal is to balance soldier readiness and safety with the accommodation of our soldiers’ faith practices, and this latest directive allows us to do that,” Lieutenant Colonel Randy Taylor said in a statement.

It is easier to see the value in the Army setting. You need combat-ready soldiers and this accommodation provides for that. There is nothing is the school setting in Texas, however, that can justify such an accommodation. Schools ordinarily reach for some abstraction like “maintaining at atmosphere conducive to study.” The anti-Vietnam black bands students (Tinker v. Des Moines) were said to disrupt the study atmosphere. That isn’t going to work in the Texas case, and I can think what will.

[1] An acronym with very high aspirations. It refers a law in which CROWN stands for Creating a Respectful and Open World for Natural Hair.”

I have a thought about being possessed by demons. The thought I want to pursue isn’t all that scary, but it wouldn’t hurt to start with the only joke I know about demon possession.

Question: What happens when you fall behind in your payments to the exorcist?
Answer: You get repossessed.

The scripture that came up in church last Sunday was Mark 1;21—28. We are a lectionary church so the pastor who is preaching that day has the obligation to preach on one of the texts or to give some reason why she is not. The preacher last Sunday took it on and treated in seriously. That’s two separate achievements in my mind.

Here is the passage as it appears in the New Jerusalem Bible.

21They went as far as Capernaum, and at once on the Sabbath he went into the synagogue and began to teach. 22And his teaching made a deep impression on them because, unlike the scribes, he taught them with authority. 23And at once in their synagogue there was a man with an unclean spirit, and he shouted, 24’What do you want with us, Jesus of Nazareth? Have you come to destroy us? I know who you are: the Holy One of God.’ 25 But Jesus rebuked it saying, ‘Be quiet! Come out of him!’ 26And the unclean spirit threw the man into convulsions and with a loud cry went out of him. 27The people were so astonished that they started asking one another what it all meant, saying, ‘Here is a teaching that is new, and with authority behind it: he gives orders even to unclean spirits and they obey him.’ 28And his reputation at once spread everywhere, through all the surrounding Galilean countryside.

I don’t have any trouble seeing how Mark fits this into the early ministry of Jesus, but the notion of demon possession—even when an episode is as dramatically portrayed as it is in v. 26, really doesn’t move me. I remember having the same familiar “I don’t really care” reaction to the story Jesus told about the man who sold everything he had to buy a field because he knew there was a treasure in the field. “Treasure in the field” is not something I knew how to care about. But in the movie The Butcher’s Wife, one of the principal characters is a psychiatrist (a very bad psychiatrist) and is required to choose between the love of his life and continuing to cherish his status as a psychiatrist. That makes sense to me. It was so very hard for him to give it up.

So what would make me care about the phenomenon Mark calls “demon possession? In the same service, we sang a hymn called “Silence! Frenzied, Unclean Spirit.” Here are the first two stanzas.

“Silence! Frenzied unclean spirit,”
Cried God’s healing Holy One
“Cease your ranting, flesh can’t bear it”
Flee as night before the sun.”

Lord, the demons still are thriving
In the grey cells of the mind
Tyrant voices, shrill and driving
Thoughts that grip and bind.

That sounded pretty contemporary to me. Probably “the grey cells of the mind” [1] got me started down that path but once you start there are a lot of other reasons to keep going. “Tyrant voices, shrill and driving” sounds like any number of twisted experiences, with or without the benefit of street drugs.

It sounds, in other words, like the world I live in, just as the status-loving psychiatrist sounds like the world I live in more than the treasure hunter does.

And that would have been a very good thing to have happen to me in a worship service, but the choir also sang an anthem, “Lord, Grant Thou Me a Quiet Mind,” which was as close to the other end of the continuum as can be imagined from “tyrant voices, shrill and driving.” We sang:

Lord, grant Thou me a quiet mind
in depths of Three and thought inclined
O gaze upon this wounded heart
and with Thy sweet and piercing Dart
Prick this soul with Love’s embrace
and heal these wounds with saving grace.

We had sung that in practice, of course, and I didn’t react to it much one way or the other in practice. In the context of the service, with the sermon prying up the power in Mark’s account and with the hymn delivering the “tyrant voices, shrill and driving,” I had trouble singing to the end of the anthem.

Each of those elements of the service, the sermon, the scripture text, the hymn, and the anthem fit like hand in glove and I am very glad I was there.

[1] It’s hard not to be sympathetic. “Mind” rhymes so nicely with “bind.” But it’s way too physical. The mind doesn’t have any “grey cells,” which are notably important in the brain.

Why is that? What, exactly, have I done to “deserve” a break today?

The thing I like best about etymology is not that it tells us what a word “really means.” [1] It is that it tells us how it got to where it is now—what it means to us—from where it was. In our modern use of “seduce,” for instance, we mean no more than “persuade,” where the “persuasion” has been to some view we disapprove of. But the -duce of “seduce” means to lead and the prefix se- means “aside” or “astray.” And the clear implication of “astray” is that there is a right way to go and the person in question is being led away from that right way. In “persuade,” we lose that picture entirely.

That’s why I like etymology.

That brings me to the modern meaning of “deserve.”[2] It is a wonderful thing to be able to argue that a hamburger (as in the McDonald’s use of the slogan we started with), something you will have to buy, is something you “deserve.” To the best of my knowledge, no one has yet argued that I ought to get mine free on the grounds that it is something I deserve. The question we are moving toward (just what is it you have done to deserve it?) gets a shortcut in this case because “having money” is what you have done. In simple commercial uses like this one, “deserve” and “afford” are nearly the same thing.

Would you be surprised to learn that at the beginning of its career as a word, the prefix de- meant only “fully, completely” and the root “-serve” meant what you think it means? The meaning of the prefix means something more specific in the context of service; it means “to serve well, zealously.” And a reward is coming to you because of your zealous and complete service. And this will be a reward that you (watch how this works) “de-serve.” Clearly de- does not mean un- in this context. The baron was granted all these lands by the king for his faithful service in the battle. That kind of de-serve.

Let’s play with this a little. I was told early in the days of my interest in etymology that “tip” as in “tipping the waiter” was built on the acronym T.I.P.—“to insure promptness.” [3] They don’t think anymore that that is the source of the word, but it does have the advantage of retaining the “reward for service” link. Think “You deserve a tip today.”

But a “break” is not a “tip.” What could one do to “deserve a break?” I would have much less difficulty with “would profit from a break.” Everyone has seen people doing hard physical labor (I am writing this during the NFL post-season) and doing a much better job after a rest. People who have to think hard similarly benefit or people who have to make difficult decisions. I saw a study in which judges handed out more lenient sentences after a lunch break, suggesting that those who are charged “get a break” whether they deserve it or not.

There is no denying the beneficial effects of a rest at the right time, but there is also no way to associate that break with the desert (deserving-ness) of the recipient. And if there were, it wouldn’t sell hamburgers or hair coloring kits, as the “I’m worth it” campaign imagines.

No, I think the best way to understand it is that people seem to like the broad implication that they are worthwhile persons and/or have done something meritorious. And if I am a really valuable person, then I deserve a break today and if I can afford it, bring that hamburger on. With fries. And a large drink.

[1] It is only an irony to be enjoyed that the word “etymology” means “true meaning.”
[2] And points out the loss of “desert” to mean “what one deserves.” It forces us to some patched-together form like “deservingness,” which really ought not to be necessary, but which really is. Trust me.
[3] The idea that “tip” meant “to insure promptness” is no older than 1909 and a reviewer said about the book in which it appeared “We deprecate the careless repetition of popular etymologies such as the notion that ‘tip’ originated from an abbreviated inscription on a box placed on the sideboard in old coaching-inns, the full meaning of which was ‘To Insure Promptitude.”

I have not heard anything good about “black and white thinking” for a long time. In fact, I haven’t heard anything good about discrimination of any kind for a long time.

The discrimination problem is easier to understand. It is what I call an “aphetic expression.” It is what is left of a longer expression, the rest of which has just disappeared. Back when, there was an expression “invidious discrimination” where invidious meant “envy producing.” You can see why that kind of discrimination would get a bad name. But after a while, when “discrimination” itself came to have a bad smell, “invidious” really didn’t add anything and we dropped it. “Discrimination” simply presumed that it was “invidious.” [1]

“Black and white” as a criticism as in “we seem to be mired in black and white thinking,” presupposed that “the truth” is somewhere in the middle or that “the truth” cannot be usefully separated from error. It’s a “mystery” or a “paradox” or something. In that way, “black and white” as a criticism specifies the shape of the truth that is there to be found. It is indistinguishable from or it is intermediate between the two poles.

But it would be surprising if the only important differences here were to be found in the nature of the data. And, in fact, they are found also in the nature of the data collectors. Two common names for kinds of data collectors are “lumpers” and “splitters.”

Lumpers can be said to assign examples to broad categories, judging that the differences between the entities are not as important as the similarities. That is not what lumpers look like to splitters, of course. To splitters, lumpers treat as the same, instances that lose their meaning without differentiation. Splitters always think there are crucial differences between the instances that are being lumped together.

Splitters use narrower and more tightly defined categories. That is why they need so many more categories. And to a lumper, most of those categories are needless because the most prominent characteristics are very nearly the same.

Take for instance, the question of self-esteem. If you are embedded in a conversation about people who think they are considerably better than they are [2] then it is easy to say that people would be better off if they had less self-esteem. It might be said that they had a notable lack of “humility.”
If a splitter were to point out that “show a little humility” is terrible advice for someone who has too little self esteem to start with, a lumper would say he was talking about “people in general” and that it is true about “people in general.”

I was once part of discussion that carried across several years. It was about a bumper sticker that said “Wag more. Bark less.” My position on this advice was that is was really good for people who barked too much, but it was truly terrible advice for people who already didn’t bark as much as they should. I was accused of being a splitter, but I didn’t take it as much of a criticism.

I recently read a series of articles about personal traits in the New York Times. Maggie Jackson wrote glowingly about uncertainty. She cited tests that measured “uncertainty intolerance.” So far as this one column is concerned, the more uncertainty, we can tolerate, the better. Uncertainty brings us some valuable rewards, such as making new scientific discoveries.

But it isn’t just that. Jackson cites Michael Dugas. a professor of psychology as saying “Life is inherently uncertain, and if you have difficulty dealing with that, you will have difficulty dealing with life,” Apparently, the more uncertainty you have, the better off you will be. That is not the “teaching” of the column. It is the presupposition.

Now I, as a splitter, would wonder immediately if having too little uncertainty would be a problem and I would wonder that for the same reason I wondered whether wagging more was always a good idea.

Christina Caron, on the other hand, wrote a column about anxiety. “The emotion of anxiety and the underlying physiological stress response evolved to protect us,” Wendy Suzuki, a neuroscientist and the author of “Good Anxiety,” said. In her book, Dr. Suzuki explains that managing stress may be more useful than banishing it.

That way of approaching the topics made instant sense to me. The idea that there is an optimal level of anxiety seems right. If there is too little, you will not be alert to some categories of important things. If there is too much, you will find it toxic and difficult. You situations will fluctuate from one time to another so the “right level” of anxiety will fluctuate. Saying that “anxiety” is good or bad seems as odd to me as saying that “uncertainty” is good or bad.

Black and white

There is a tendency, it seems to me, to criticize splitters who value clarity—and who find that clarity in many discrete categories—as “black and white thinkers.” The pejorative hit of “black and white” comes from the inclusion of some data and the exclusion of other data into the set of categories that are organized to make important distinctions. If the distinctions are not important, all the care needed to manage them properly is care wasted. It is simply inefficient. But noting the existence of all those categories is not the same as showing that there are too many of them. Let’s see, first, if they pay for themselves by the clarity they provide for both parties in the discussion.

[1] Similarly, “reached” is all that is left of the baseball announcer’s expression, “reached first base.” Since “reached” always meant the same thing, they just dropped the rest of the expression, so we hear now that the leadoff hitter “reached” in the first and fourth innings.
[2] Most drivers, I have heard, say they are “above average” drivers. What does it mean when 80% of the drivers are better than “most drivers?”

This is about the achievement of two women, Ayo and Mead. They live in the village of Woodedge on one of the islands with which Ursula LeGuin has populated her world, EarthSea. Let me describe the achievement first, then I will describe the circumstances.

“They listened to him, not agreeing, not denying, but accepting his despair. His words went into their listening silence, and rested there for days, and came back to him changed.”

This is the kind of graphic description at which LeGuin excels. In this vision, the silence that is maintained by the women has an effect on the words. The words “rest” in this silence and by doing so are changed and when they return to the speaker, they mean something more than they did when he spoke them.

The speaker is a man who, in this part of the story [1] is called Otter. A woman he met under brutal conditions has saved his life and he had been unable to save hers in return. The woman’s use name was Flag. Ayo was her mother and Mead her aunt.

“Whatever I am,” said Otter, “whatever I can do, it’s not enough.” He has the terrible power of the wizards and the corrupt venality of the kings of EarthSea in mind. “Gelluk’s gone,” he says in reference to the wizard he has just killed, “and maybe Losen [one of the corrupt kings] will follow. Will it make any difference?

Mead hears “It’s not enough” and responds, “It’s never enough, and what can anyone do alone.” She has a point and she knows what she is talking about because she is one of the Women of the Hand, a very quiet and tightly woven resistance movement. But Otter can’t hear her. His experience has been so raw and so recent. He is still learning to see how bad things are. He follows his first question, will it make a difference, with three additional questions. Will the slaves go free? Will beggars eat? Will justice be done?

It is those words and many more like them that go into the listening silence the women create and maintain. They do not express agreement with what he is saying although they do agree. They do not deny his argument although they find it inadequate. Instead, they accept his despair. That is what makes up the listening silence and, I would add, the healing silence as well.

And when the words come back to Otter, they carry with them the sense of Mead’s question, “What can anyone do alone?” And Otter has a wonderful idea. “We can’t do anything without each other,” he said, “But it’s the greedy ones and the cruel ones who hold together and strengthen each other. And those who won’t join them stand each alone,”
.
I really want another round of the conversation. I always want too much. LeGuin knows not to give us the next round. In this other round, Otter would ask how it is possible for “those who won’t join them” to be together and to act together. And Ayo would have given Otter the sign used by the Women of the Hand and he would know that the answer to his question is trust. It was the radical trust Flag offered to him and that he offered to her when they were both slaves that freed them. It is what saved Otter’s life from the wizard and nearly saved Flag’s life. [2]

I was struck by the way the generous healing silence these women offer as a place for the anguished words Otter has. It cannot be easy to accept such despair, not agreeing and not denying, but it is that healing quiet that allowed the words to return to Otter rich with meaning—his own meaning—and ready to go to work.

[1] The story is called “The Finder.” It is the first, and to my mind, the best of the stories in LeGuin’s Tales of EarthSea.
[2] Here is how LeGuin describes the sign. “She held up her first finger; raised the other fingers and clenched them into a fist; then slowly turned her wrist and opened her hand palm out, as if in offering,”

For many years, we read Auden’s “For the Time Being” at or near the date of Epiphany. Then that practice fell, as did many others, into the COVID 19 hole. This year, Bette and I climbed out of that hole and invited a bunch of friends to join us in reading it again.

I have read this poem many times, but there is always something that captures my attention in a different way. This year, it was Mary’s response to Gabriel.

Gabriel casts the event of which Mary is to be a part in the broadest possible way. Mary is to be the new Eve. [1]

Here is what Gabriel says:

When Eve, in love with her own will,
Denied the will of Love and fell,
She turned the flesh Love knew so well
To knowledge of her love until
Both love and knowledge were of sin:
What her negation wounded, may
Your affirmation heal today;

“Eve, in love with her own will… turned the flesh Love knew so well…until both love and knowledge were of sin.” This is fundamental. Eve denied the will of God [Love] the effect of which was the both how we know and how we love are saturated with sin. That is Gabriel’s view of Eve.

This is Gabriel’s view of Mary. What her negation wounded, may your affirmation—just say Yes—heal today.

And Eve says Yes is some of the most glorious language I know. I am going to give you the whole response, then I will try to say what I saw in it this year.

My flesh in terror and fire
Rejoices that the Word
Who utters the world out of nothing,
As a pledge of His word to love her
Against her will, and to turn
Her desperate longing to love,
Should ask to wear me,
From now to their wedding day,
For an engagement ring.

If that language is new to you, you might want to just sit with it a little.

Here is what I saw this year. I am going to change “Word” to “God,” John’s text in the Prologue notwithstanding. God has pledged to love the world—that is us, all humankind. Moving directly to God’s pledge skips over creation, but some skipping is going to be necessary to see what the bones of this response look like.

What is the pledge? It is to love us (line 3) and to turn that inarticulate longing we have (line 5) into real love of God in return.

The God who is doing this understands that there must be a symbol of this great Intention and God has chosen Mary as the symbol. The great consummation of the love we have for God (now felt only as a longing for something) is still in the future, but the engagement ring is right now. It is what Incarnation is all about. [2]

And God asks to wear Mary as “an engagement ring,” as the symbol of the consummation to come, when love will be known and mutual and restored to its original wholeness.

That is hard for me to grasp as an onlooker. I am reading a poem full of religious imagery. But Mary, in this poem, is talking about herself. The Word asks to wear ME–that is what the picture captures–as the symbol of their wedding, the great consummation to come. And I say Yes. I say “My soul in terror and in fire rejoices.”

Every year there is something. This was this year’s take. I have begun looking forward to Epiphany in 2025.

[1] Paul casts Jesus as the new Adam, but Auden takes a few new steps in casting Mary as a new Eve.

[2] There is no reason why Mary ought to be pictured as beautiful, let alone as light skinned and European-looking, but I think the look really captures what Gabriel was after.

I’ve been reading a good deal about “self-care” recently. I have read so much, in fact, that I am beginning to think about it. If you wanted to glance over a series of images about self care and you put the phrase “self care” in the search bar, you would eventually get to a picture of a man. You would be more than ninety images into the search, but eventually, you would find one.

Does that tell us anything about “self care” and gender? I think it does. I think it tells us that men who take care of themselves call it something else. I’m not sure what they call it .[1] What if they called it “maintaining the optimal conditions for long-term health and productivity?” Not much of a bumper sticker, I grant you, but if those were the common terms men used in thinking about “burnout,” it would take a long time to find it in a literature oriented to self-care.

A common notion is that we begin each day with an attention budget. That isn’t a bad way to begin, but it leads to the idea that everything you pay attention to is a drain on the budget—a withdrawal. But that isn’t true. Some of the things we pay attention to restore our attention balance—they are deposits. Everybody knows this. Think for a minute about the sense it makes to urge people who are on the edge of burnout, to pay attention to themselves for a little while. If “paying” attention [2] costs you, why would it not cost you also to pay attention to the condition you are in? The idea in paying attention to whether you need a break is that if you decide that you do, you will do something about it.

Nothing against taking a break, but I’d like to take a look at the step before that. Is it really true that “paying attention” depletes your store of attention? I think that depends a great deal on how you think of what you are doing. Let’s say you are “watching the kids.” That phrasing was chosen, I am sure, by someone who does not find it rewarding. If he had found it rewarding, he would have called it something else. Are there rewarding and fulfilling ways to watch the kids? Of course. Some people, men and women, do a good deal of it and find it rewarding and full-filling. (That extra l- and the hyphen make the point a good deal clearer.)

If you are watching the kids in a way that leaves you drained, maybe you are thinking of it the wrong way. Think, for instance, about what you get out of spending time with the kids. And I don’t mean what you think you ought to get; I am thinking about what you actually do get out of it. I am thinking about doing things you like to do as one of the ways you watch the kids.

You wouldn’t have to think of it that way, of course. You could define that time as work in which you have responsibilities and obligations and when you have met them, you have accomplished the task. There is no positive value for you in “meeting your responsibilities and obligations.” There is the threat of negative value, of course. That is the point of “obligations.” There is a cost for failing to meet your obligations, but there is no reward for meeting them. It is a game you can lose, but not a game you can win. No wonder it feels costly.

And right away, you wonder, who chose this game? And after that, you wonder whether it is possible for you to watch the kids in a way that makes a positive difference to your attention budget. And if a big part of self care is not overspending your attention budget, then doing some particular task in a way that makes deposits to that budget rather than withdrawals, seem like a good idea.

And that would be the case even if there were another person involved who insists that the task be defined and pursued in ways that are personally costly. It is doesn’t cost you, according to this logic, then you are not really doing the job right. It seems to me that a great deal of parenting has been inadvertently redefined in this way. The demands have been raised. The parents receive these new demands as part of some generalized social obligation, rather than deciding what kind of parents they want to be. The cost of failure to parent “correctly” keeps going up and the old sources of interactive pleasure keep going down.

So we see a lot of really “good” parents whose parenting costs them more than they can afford and there are other things they could have spared some attention for. Even in the middle of things, they know that. The attention budget gets expended early and often and the sources of replenishment are limited to “not withdrawing so much” rather than to parenting in a more rewarding way.

Needless to say, the examples could be multiplied, but there is no way that “self care” is going to keep up with the rising demands for attention and the declining resources to add capacity and enjoyment. And it is not at all hard to imagine that people who are used to deploying their attention in this way will simply turn the need for self care into another demand.

It seems to me that if we organized our tasks so that they were rewarding—as well, of course, as effective, we would have taken a long step toward restoring our attention budget.

[1] I am not referring to men as “them” because I am not a man. I am using the word “them” to refer to men because I am coming at this question as someone who reads a good bit about attention and even more about what “selves” are and how they should function. If I actually did any research, I would call myself a researcher.
[2] There is such insight built into the notion that attention is costly, that we actually do “pay” and that it actually does